{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225784530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78619-7","title":"Engineered cationic methacrylated chitosan hydrogels as multifunctional biocompatible platforms for robust tyrosinase immobilization","display_name":"Engineered cationic methacrylated chitosan hydrogels as multifunctional biocompatible platforms for robust tyrosinase immobilization","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225784530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78619-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-78619-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78619-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78619-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78619-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088955774","display_name":"Atiyeh Mahdavi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-4165","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-4165"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161028277","display_name":"Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bzsst90","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161028277"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atiyeh Mahdavi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45195-1159, Gava Zang, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45195-1159, Gava Zang, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161028277"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114649658","display_name":"Tahereh Kiyani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161028277","display_name":"Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bzsst90","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161028277"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tahereh Kiyani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161028277"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056940953","display_name":"Zahra Mohamadnia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1937-4980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1937-4980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161028277","display_name":"Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bzsst90","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161028277"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Mohamadnia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Science (IASBS), Gava Zang, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161028277"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118790710","display_name":"Faezeh Hanifeh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161028277","display_name":"Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/00bzsst90","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161028277"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faezeh Hanifeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45195-1159, Gava Zang, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), P.O. Box 45195-1159, Gava Zang, Zanjan, 45137-66731, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161028277"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088955774"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161028277"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10404","display_name":"Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10404","display_name":"Enzyme Catalysis and Immobilization","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10343","display_name":"Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11617","display_name":"Enzyme Production and Characterization","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1305","display_name":"Biotechnology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108586683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17164826","display_name":"Self-healing hydrogels","level":2,"score":0.863099992275238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87554066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q85942926","display_name":"Tyrosinase","level":3,"score":0.8051000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183882617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046749","display_name":"Cationic polymerization","level":2,"score":0.7731000185012817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.7638000249862671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1318750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865663","display_name":"Biocompatible material","level":2,"score":0.5460000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779732960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408510","display_name":"Chitosan","level":2,"score":0.5181000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33633552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904145","display_name":"Immobilized enzyme","level":3,"score":0.5105999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193363816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617865","display_name":"Size-exclusion chromatography","level":3,"score":0.4230000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632154","display_name":"Substrate (aquarium)","level":2,"score":0.4174000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.4083999991416931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28212737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5381543","display_name":"Enzyme assay","level":3,"score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3695000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.359499990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21951064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899212","display_name":"Combinatorial chemistry","level":1,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777230088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864426","display_name":"Biocompatibility","level":2,"score":0.3346000015735626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148898269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1108792","display_name":"Kinetics","level":2,"score":0.2930999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191503008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16007026","display_name":"Biocatalysis","level":4,"score":0.25589999556541443}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-78619-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78619-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78619-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-78619-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78619-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-78619-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"the":[1,73,87,90,97,108,135,147,182,192,200,203,211,222,256],"broad":[2],"potential":[3,313],"of":[4,34,78,96,110,120,134,181,191,232,250],"tyrosinase":[5,79,206,296],"in":[6,173,210,221],"biocatalysis,":[7],"its":[8,233,278],"practical":[9],"application":[10],"remains":[11],"limited":[12],"by":[13],"poor":[14],"operational":[15,155,303],"stability":[16],"and":[17,51,54,102,122,132,157,160,218,241,267,274,292,307,317],"restricted":[18],"reusability.":[19],"Here,":[20],"we":[21],"developed":[22],"two":[23],"engineered":[24,285],"cationic":[25,68,286],"methacrylated":[26,287],"chitosan-based":[27],"hydrogels":[28,98,289],"as":[29,146,290],"biocompatible":[30,293],"platforms":[31,294],"for":[32,164,295,314],"immobilization":[33,105,300],"highly":[35],"purified":[36,43],"Agaricus":[37],"bisporus":[38],"tyrosinase.":[39],"The":[40,67,93],"enzyme":[41,82,88,104,111,117],"was":[42,161],"to":[44,80,106,216,227],"near":[45],"homogeneity":[46],"through":[47],"sequential":[48],"gel":[49],"filtration":[50],"ion-exchange":[52],"chromatography":[53],"subsequently":[55],"immobilized":[56,205],"using":[57],"a":[58,208],"combined":[59],"adsorption-entrapment":[60],"strategy":[61],"within":[62,89],"positively":[63],"charged":[64],"hydrogel":[65,91,114,258],"networks.":[66],"matrices":[69],"were":[70,99],"designed":[71],"considering":[72],"net":[74],"negative":[75],"surface":[76],"charge":[77],"enhance":[81],"retention":[83,180],"while":[84,129,270],"physically":[85],"entrapping":[86],"network.":[92],"physicochemical":[94],"properties":[95],"characterized":[100],"before":[101],"after":[103,196,236,247],"assess":[107],"impact":[109],"incorporation.":[112],"Both":[113],"formulations":[115],"exhibited":[116,207],"loading":[118],"capacities":[119],"42.02":[121],"39.37":[123],"\u03bcL":[124],"g\u207b":[125],"1":[126],",":[127],"respectively,":[128],"retaining":[130],"94.56":[131],"90.46%":[133],"free":[136,201],"enzyme\u2019s":[137],"diphenolase":[138],"activity,":[139,276,306],"respectively.":[140],"Comparative":[141],"evaluation":[142],"identified":[143],"one":[144],"formulation":[145],"optimal":[148],"hydrogel,":[149],"exhibiting":[150,271],"superior":[151],"overall":[152],"catalytic":[153,184,194,239],"performance,":[154],"stability,":[156,159,304],"storage":[158,251],"therefore":[162],"selected":[163],"further":[165],"biological":[166,309],"characterization.":[167],"Kinetic":[168],"analysis":[169],"revealed":[170],"negligible":[171,272],"changes":[172],"substrate":[174],"affinity":[175],"together":[176],"with":[177,199,311],"approximately":[178,243],"90\u201395%":[179],"maximum":[183],"activity":[185,235,246,262],"(V":[186],"max":[187],"),":[188],"indicating":[189],"preservation":[190],"enzyme's":[193],"function":[195],"immobilization.":[197],"Compared":[198],"enzyme,":[202],"optimized":[204,257],"shift":[209],"optimum":[212,223],"pH":[213],"from":[214,225],"6.5":[215],"5.5":[217],"an":[219],"increase":[220],"temperature":[224],"30":[226],"50":[228],"\u00b0C,":[229],"retained":[230],"81%":[231],"initial":[234],"five":[237],"consecutive":[238],"cycles,":[240],"maintained":[242],"82%":[244],"residual":[245],"28":[248],"days":[249],"at":[252],"4":[253],"\u00b0C.":[254],"Furthermore,":[255],"demonstrated":[259],"pronounced":[260],"antibacterial":[261,305],"against":[263],"both":[264],"Escherichia":[265],"coli":[266],"Staphylococcus":[268],"aureus":[269],"cytotoxicity":[273],"hemolytic":[275],"confirming":[277],"high":[279,299],"biocompatibility.":[280],"Collectively,":[281],"these":[282],"findings":[283],"establish":[284],"chitosan":[288],"multifunctional":[291],"immobilization,":[297],"providing":[298],"efficiency,":[301],"enhanced":[302],"favorable":[308],"compatibility,":[310],"promising":[312],"industrial":[315],"biocatalysis":[316],"biomedical":[318],"applications.":[319]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
