{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225779883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-026-08550-z","title":"Anticholinergic burden and adverse outcomes in older adults with hearing loss: a nationwide Korean cohort study","display_name":"Anticholinergic burden and adverse outcomes in older adults with hearing loss: a nationwide Korean cohort study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225779883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-026-08550-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12877-026-08550-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-026-08550-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-026-08550-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14643628","display_name":"BMC Geriatrics","issn_l":"1471-2318","issn":["1471-2318"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Geriatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-026-08550-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161439709","display_name":"Hee Song","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I848706","display_name":"Sungkyunkwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04q78tk20","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hee Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I848706"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023665276","display_name":"Jihye Rhee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-3973","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8129-3973"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101595","display_name":"Veterans Health Service Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00xhz2q61","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210101595","https://openalex.org/I4210129722"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jihye Rhee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head & Neck Surgery, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101595"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048533649","display_name":"In\u2010Young Yoon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3995-8238","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3995-8238"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803058125","display_name":"Seoul National University Bundang Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00cb3km46","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2802835388","https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"In-Young Yoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea","Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I2803058125"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110859219","display_name":"Jin Hyun Nam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jin Hyun Nam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Big Data Science, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Big Data Science, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100599614","display_name":"Junho Seo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5000-0215","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5000-0215"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun-Ho Seo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Big Data Science, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Data Science, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161429476","display_name":"Wan Seok Jeong","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wan Seok Jeong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Big Data Science, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Big Data Science, Korea University Sejong Campus, Sejong, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161442925","display_name":"Hayun Choi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101595","display_name":"Veterans Health Service Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/00xhz2q61","country_code":"KR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210101595","https://openalex.org/I4210129722"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hayun Choi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychiatry, Veteran Health Service Medical Center, 53 Jinhwangdo-ro 61-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05368, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychiatry, Veteran Health Service Medical Center, 53 Jinhwangdo-ro 61-gil, Gangdong-gu, Seoul, 05368, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101595"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161470400","display_name":"Ju-Young Shin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139264467","display_name":"Seoul National University","ror":"https://ror.org/04h9pn542","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ju-Young Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 20-322 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 20-322 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161442925","https://openalex.org/A5161470400"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139264467","https://openalex.org/I4210101595"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3190},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10496","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10496","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10283","display_name":"Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778689640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113259","display_name":"Anticholinergic","level":2,"score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.6391000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5688999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36434225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1895998","display_name":"Polypharmacy","level":2,"score":0.5674999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.5486000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.47189998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207103383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3930246","display_name":"Hazard ratio","level":3,"score":0.4643000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780493683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16035842","display_name":"Hearing loss","level":2,"score":0.4575999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.45489999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4235999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4074000120162964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54183767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10384","display_name":"Geriatrics","level":2,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910745098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q113259","display_name":"Anticholinergic agents","level":3,"score":0.3278000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223218","display_name":"Proportional hazards model","level":2,"score":0.3276999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779878486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25053589","display_name":"Caregiver burden","level":4,"score":0.29420000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2870999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.28189998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984863031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Cognitive decline","level":4,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2745000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779874844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1967281","display_name":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey","level":3,"score":0.26579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12877-026-08550-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-026-08550-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-026-08550-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14643628","display_name":"BMC Geriatrics","issn_l":"1471-2318","issn":["1471-2318"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Geriatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12877-026-08550-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-026-08550-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-026-08550-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14643628","display_name":"BMC Geriatrics","issn_l":"1471-2318","issn":["1471-2318"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Geriatrics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"South":[0],"Korea":[1],"is":[2,26,33],"rapidly":[3],"becoming":[4],"a":[5,72,308],"super-aged":[6],"society,":[7],"with":[8,35,50,68,83,91,146,154,228,282,292,328],"high":[9,339],"healthcare":[10,340],"utilization":[11],"contributing":[12],"to":[13,56,87,107,134,218],"polypharmacy":[14],"and":[15,32,42,61,86,96,103,183,202,210,233,253,289,317,338],"frequent":[16],"use":[17,60,79],"of":[18,94,138,214,231,296,321,334],"anticholinergic":[19,45,58,77,163,178,219,224,264,285,305],"medications":[20],"among":[21,80],"older":[22,66,81,280,326],"adults.":[23],"Hearing":[24],"loss":[25,70,85,148],"highly":[27],"prevalent":[28],"in":[29,65,105,314,325,331],"this":[30,112,315],"population":[31,316,336],"associated":[34,49,227,291],"adverse":[36,298],"outcomes,":[37],"including":[38],"falls,":[39,197],"cognitive":[40],"impairment,":[41],"mortality,":[43,104,203],"while":[44],"burden":[46,164,179,225,286,306],"has":[47],"been":[48],"increased":[51,229,294],"risks.":[52],"This":[53],"study":[54,120],"aimed":[55],"characterize":[57,76],"medication":[59,78,323],"inform":[62,108],"risk":[63,93,109,295,312],"stratification":[64,110],"adults":[67,82,281,327],"hearing":[69,84,147,157,283],"using":[71,167],"nationwide":[73],"cohort.":[74],"To":[75],"evaluate":[88],"its":[89],"association":[90],"the":[92,124,168,268,319,332],"falls":[95,232],"fractures,":[97,159,198],"emergency":[98],"department":[99],"(ED)":[100],"visits,":[101,200],"dementia,":[102,201],"order":[106],"within":[111],"population.":[113],"A":[114,136],"population-based":[115],"retrospective":[116],"cohort":[117],"study.":[118],"The":[119,162],"analyzed":[121],"data":[122],"from":[123,132],"Korean":[125,169],"National":[126],"Health":[127],"Insurance":[128],"Database":[129],"(NHID)":[130],"spanning":[131],"2018":[133],"2021.":[135],"total":[137],"598,152":[139],"individuals":[140],"aged":[141],"\u2265":[142],"65":[143],"years":[144],"diagnosed":[145],"were":[149,175,216],"included":[150],"after":[151],"excluding":[152,262],"those":[153],"cancer,":[155],"genetic":[156],"loss,":[158,284],"or":[160,266,273],"dementia.":[161],"was":[165,226,287,290],"assessed":[166],"Anticholinergic":[170],"Burden":[171],"Scale":[172],"(KABS).":[173],"Participants":[174],"categorized":[176],"into":[177],"(score":[180,185],">":[181],"0)":[182,187],"no-burden":[184],"=":[186],"groups.":[188],"Cox":[189],"regression":[190],"analysis":[191],"estimated":[192],"hazard":[193],"ratios":[194],"(HRs)":[195],"for":[196,205,276],"ED":[199,240],"adjusting":[204],"age,":[206],"sex,":[207],"lifestyle":[208],"factors,":[209],"comorbidities.":[211],"Approximately":[212],"37.4%":[213],"participants":[215],"exposed":[217],"burden.":[220],"After":[221],"full":[222],"adjustment,":[223],"risks":[230],"fractures":[234],"(HR":[235,242,248,255],"1.20;":[236],"95%":[237,244,250,257],"CI,":[238,245,251,258],"1.18\u20131.23),":[239],"visits":[241],"1.21;":[243],"1.14\u20131.25),":[246],"dementia":[247],"1.17;":[249],"1.15\u20131.19),":[252],"mortality":[254],"1.05;":[256],"1.03\u20131.07).":[259],"Sensitivity":[260],"analyses":[261],"weak":[263],"agents":[265],"extending":[267],"exposure":[269],"window":[270],"yielded":[271],"similar":[272],"stronger":[274],"associations":[275],"most":[277],"outcomes.":[278,300],"In":[279],"common":[288],"an":[293],"multiple":[297],"health":[299],"These":[301],"findings":[302],"suggest":[303],"that":[304],"remains":[307],"clinically":[309],"relevant":[310],"medication-related":[311],"marker":[313],"highlight":[318],"importance":[320],"careful":[322],"management":[324],"sensory":[329],"impairment":[330],"context":[333],"rapid":[335],"aging":[337],"use.":[341]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
