{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225779176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-026-16444-w","title":"Thermal Behavior and structural evolution of silica nanospheres synthesized at controlled ammonia concentration and temperature","display_name":"Thermal Behavior and structural evolution of silica nanospheres synthesized at controlled ammonia concentration and temperature","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225779176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-026-16444-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10973-026-16444-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-026-16444-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-026-16444-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58867329","display_name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","issn_l":"1388-6150","issn":["1388-6150","1572-8943","1588-2926"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-026-16444-w","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089621268","display_name":"Marcin Gajek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-8060","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-8060"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Gajek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6020-8060","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114746609","display_name":"Maria Biegun-\u017burowska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-5129","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1087-5129"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Biegun-\u017burowska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035479414","display_name":"Magdalena Zi\u0105bka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0702-7137","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0702-7137"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Magdalena Zi\u0105bka","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017125423","display_name":"Alicja Rapacz-Kmita","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8788-5144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8788-5144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alicja Rapacz-Kmita","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057680186","display_name":"Stanis\u0142awa Kluska","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1676-6639","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1676-6639"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I686019","display_name":"AGH University of Krakow","ror":"https://ror.org/00bas1c41","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stanis\u0142awa Kluska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Krakow, Av. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089621268"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I686019"],"apc_list":{"value":3790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3790},"apc_paid":{"value":3790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3790},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13104","display_name":"Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials","score":0.43700000643730164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13104","display_name":"Chemical and Physical Properties of Materials","score":0.43700000643730164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10735","display_name":"Mesoporous Materials and Catalysis","score":0.37869998812675476,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12420","display_name":"Silicone and Siloxane Chemistry","score":0.062199998646974564,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q321095","display_name":"Scanning electron microscope","level":2,"score":0.7502999901771545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.7034000158309937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27703432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2778467","display_name":"Electrokinetic phenomena","level":2,"score":0.6945000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14631669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q896108","display_name":"Dynamic light scattering","level":3,"score":0.6590999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7082614","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849523","display_name":"Calcination","level":3,"score":0.6158999800682068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86181022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196823","display_name":"Zeta potential","level":3,"score":0.603600025177002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160892712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901559","display_name":"Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.5551000237464905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39519442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904893","display_name":"Differential scanning calorimetry","level":2,"score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40875361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356542","display_name":"Reagent","level":2,"score":0.45660001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.43160000443458557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153642686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q70906","display_name":"Infrared spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.41990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4147999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49102809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q300035","display_name":"Attenuated total reflection","level":3,"score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129446986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q542419","display_name":"Thermal analysis","level":3,"score":0.38749998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105341887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307987","display_name":"Suspension (topology)","level":3,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162356407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180809","display_name":"Mass spectrometry","level":2,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32891209","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483666","display_name":"Spectroscopy","level":2,"score":0.36090001463890076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.34940001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776382133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087","display_name":"Ammonia","level":2,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13965031","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q243545","display_name":"Nuclear chemistry","level":1,"score":0.32409998774528503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82261727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1154504","display_name":"Diffuse reflection","level":2,"score":0.3005000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59789625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181780","display_name":"Colloid","level":2,"score":0.2784999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187530423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140503","display_name":"Particle size","level":2,"score":0.27730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156328458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275423","display_name":"Diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202270520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q634314","display_name":"Calorimetry","level":2,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131540310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907564","display_name":"Conductivity","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.25130000710487366}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10973-026-16444-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-026-16444-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-026-16444-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58867329","display_name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","issn_l":"1388-6150","issn":["1388-6150","1572-8943","1588-2926"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10973-026-16444-w","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-026-16444-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-026-16444-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S58867329","display_name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","issn_l":"1388-6150","issn":["1388-6150","1572-8943","1588-2926"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964831978","https://openalex.org/W1994857075","https://openalex.org/W2012157356","https://openalex.org/W2012695592","https://openalex.org/W2015082742","https://openalex.org/W2017992802","https://openalex.org/W2019634048","https://openalex.org/W2028811333","https://openalex.org/W2034287320","https://openalex.org/W2035405056","https://openalex.org/W2045064685","https://openalex.org/W2053456047","https://openalex.org/W2058808810","https://openalex.org/W2063014857","https://openalex.org/W2083040028","https://openalex.org/W2086536022","https://openalex.org/W2089124524","https://openalex.org/W2093682869","https://openalex.org/W2093999591","https://openalex.org/W2109578509","https://openalex.org/W2111488320","https://openalex.org/W2134764293","https://openalex.org/W2414600808","https://openalex.org/W2615482805","https://openalex.org/W2893860357","https://openalex.org/W2904846303","https://openalex.org/W2985205112","https://openalex.org/W2986853453","https://openalex.org/W3093228999","https://openalex.org/W3120632669","https://openalex.org/W4284966857","https://openalex.org/W4288685072","https://openalex.org/W4361299649","https://openalex.org/W4388805872","https://openalex.org/W4400572276","https://openalex.org/W4412076646","https://openalex.org/W4412862051"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examined":[2],"how":[3],"synthesis":[4,26,230],"temperature":[5,98],"and":[6,15,43,54,107,138,146,189,194,205,234,242],"reagent":[7],"formulation":[8],"were":[9,86,186,208,218],"related":[10],"to":[11,70,77,143,238],"morphology,":[12],"electrokinetic":[13,233],"behavior,":[14],"thermal":[16,235],"evolution":[17],"of":[18,136,141],"St\u00f6ber":[19],"silica":[20],"in":[21],"a":[22],"4":[23,25,83,94,125],"\u00d7":[24],"matrix.":[27],"Characterization":[28],"included":[29],"scanning":[30,56],"electron":[31],"microscopy":[32],"(SEM)":[33],"with":[34,59,73,88,101,220,232],"equivalent-circle-diameter":[35],"(ECD)":[36],"analysis,":[37],"dynamic":[38],"light":[39],"scattering":[40],"(DLS),":[41],"zeta-potential":[42],"conductivity":[44],"measurements,":[45],"attenuated":[46],"total":[47],"reflectance":[48],"Fourier":[49],"transform":[50],"infrared":[51],"spectroscopy":[52],"(ATR-FTIR),":[53],"thermogravimetry/differential":[55],"calorimetry":[57],"coupled":[58],"quadrupole":[60],"mass":[61,184],"spectrometry":[62],"(TG/DSC-QMS).":[63],"Mean":[64],"ECD":[65],"values":[66,135],"ranged":[67],"from":[68],"108":[69],"1015":[71],"nm,":[72],"the":[74,113,128,163,210],"largest":[75],"corresponding":[76],"coalesced":[78,109],"structures.":[79,110],"Higher":[80],"nominal":[81],"NH":[82,93,124],"OH":[84,95,126],"concentrations":[85],"associated":[87,100],"larger":[89],"objects.":[90],"At":[91],"higher":[92],"concentrations,":[96],"increasing":[97],"was":[99],"smaller":[102],"particles,":[103,130],"narrower":[104],"SEM-ECD":[105],"distributions,":[106],"fewer":[108],"DLS":[111],"followed":[112],"SEM":[114],"particle-size":[115],"trend.":[116],"Samples":[117],"prepared":[118],"at":[119,153,180,191,200],"0.150":[120],"mol":[121],"L":[122],"\u22121":[123,160,170],"formed":[127],"smallest":[129],"had":[131],"natural":[132],"suspension":[133],"pH":[134],"5.8\u20136.1":[137],"zeta":[139],"potentials":[140],"\u221221.27":[142],"\u221230.07":[144],"mV,":[145],"showed":[147,174],"lower":[148],"mass-normalized":[149],"m/z":[150,181],"18":[151],"areas":[152],"30\u2013250":[154],"\u00b0C":[155],"(4.18\u20136.63":[156],"A":[157,167],"s":[158,168],"mg":[159,169],")":[161],"than":[162],"remaining":[164],"samples":[165],"(8.42\u201311.77":[166],").":[171],"They":[172],"also":[173],"stronger":[175],"low-temperature":[176],"organic-fragment":[177],"signals,":[178],"particularly":[179],"31.":[182],"TG":[183],"losses":[185],"4.31\u20136.50%,":[187],"3.98\u20135.59%,":[188],"0.66\u20131.00%":[190],"30\u2013250,":[192],"250\u2013600,":[193],"600\u20131000":[195],"\u00b0C,":[196,202],"respectively.":[197],"After":[198],"calcination":[199],"1000":[201],"hydroxyl-,":[203],"water-,":[204],"C\u2013H-related":[206],"bands":[207],"below":[209],"ATR-FTIR":[211],"detection":[212],"limit,":[213],"while":[214],"Si\u2013O\u2013Si":[215],"band":[216],"changes":[217],"consistent":[219],"further":[221],"network":[222],"condensation.":[223],"Overall,":[224],"this":[225],"distinct":[226],"cross-technique":[227],"grouping":[228],"links":[229],"conditions":[231],"behavior":[236],"relevant":[237],"subsequent":[239],"dispersion,":[240],"calcination,":[241],"surface":[243],"functionalization.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-12T00:00:00"}
