{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225761177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10228-8","title":"Incidence, diagnostic challenges, and management outcomes of ectopic pregnancy: a retrospective study","display_name":"Incidence, diagnostic challenges, and management outcomes of ectopic pregnancy: a retrospective study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225761177","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10228-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12884-026-10228-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10228-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10228-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123732490","display_name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","issn_l":"1471-2393","issn":["1471-2393"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10228-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011155433","display_name":"Insaf Abu Ghalyon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Insaf Abu Ghalyon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist, Member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (MRCOG), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Al Bashir Hospital, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6939-6618","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Obstetrics and Gynecology Specialist, Member of the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (MRCOG), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women\u2019s and Children\u2019s Hospital, Al Bashir Hospital, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056146539","display_name":"Ahmad I. El-Share\u2019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0878-4666","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0878-4666"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799468983","display_name":"King Hussein Cancer Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0564xsr50","country_code":"JO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799468983"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad El-Share\u2019","raw_affiliation_strings":["Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Management Specialist, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0878-4666","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Anesthesia, Critical Care, and Pain Management Specialist, Department of Anesthesia and Pain Management, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799468983"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074196529","display_name":"Mohammad T. Abuawwad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2703-0942","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2703-0942"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad T. Abuawwad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intern Physician, Al Bashir Hospital, Amman, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2703-0942","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intern Physician, Al Bashir Hospital, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116557841","display_name":"Yomna W. Mahmoud","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8231-6499","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8231-6499"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yomna W. Mahmoud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intern physician, Kasr al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8231-6499","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intern physician, Kasr al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071654800","display_name":"Warda A. Alrubasy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-1573","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-1573"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Warda A. Alrubasy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intern physician, Kasr al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7689-1573","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intern physician, Kasr al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5117063455","display_name":"Yara Ali Eltobgi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145487455","display_name":"Cairo University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q21mh05","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yara Ali Eltobgi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Intern physician, Kasr al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3403-2304","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Intern physician, Kasr al Ainy Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145487455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011155433"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12096","display_name":"Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12096","display_name":"Ectopic Pregnancy Diagnosis and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2729","display_name":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10600","display_name":"Reproductive Health and Contraception","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11389","display_name":"Maternal and fetal healthcare","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9696999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776018949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207087","display_name":"Ectopic pregnancy","level":3,"score":0.9291999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779245376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28693","display_name":"Miscarriage","level":3,"score":0.6556000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.6367999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780778865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130374","display_name":"Laparotomy","level":2,"score":0.597599983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5648000240325928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131872663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5284418","display_name":"Obstetrics","level":1,"score":0.5303999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776210078","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q351870","display_name":"Reproductive medicine","level":3,"score":0.5195000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.49540001153945923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.489300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.44530001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781059491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422232","display_name":"Methotrexate","level":2,"score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.396699994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10885799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80015","display_name":"Obstetrics and gynaecology","level":3,"score":0.3580000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778642596","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8452","display_name":"Abortion","level":3,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775883341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1233836","display_name":"Fallopian tube","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908892503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1339474","display_name":"Maternal death","level":3,"score":0.2694000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2637999951839447}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12884-026-10228-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10228-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10228-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123732490","display_name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","issn_l":"1471-2393","issn":["1471-2393"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12884-026-10228-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10228-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-026-10228-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123732490","display_name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","issn_l":"1471-2393","issn":["1471-2393"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Ectopic":[2],"pregnancy":[3,18,47,69,142,246,260,322,348],"remains":[4],"a":[5,30,58,243],"leading":[6],"cause":[7],"of":[8,45,63,125,140,266,282,302],"first-trimester":[9],"maternal":[10],"mortality":[11],"worldwide,":[12],"yet":[13],"Jordanian":[14,343],"data":[15,319],"on":[16,252,320],"ectopic":[17,46,68,141,187,245,259,321],"are":[19,353],"outdated":[20],"and":[21,42,78,84,100,114,151,161,207,223,254,293,350,359],"derived":[22],"from":[23,323],"small,":[24],"single-center":[25,61],"studies":[26],"conducted":[27],"more":[28],"than":[29,339],"decade":[31],"ago.":[32],"This":[33,56,314],"study":[34,62,315],"aimed":[35],"to":[36,121,257],"report":[37],"the":[38,49,88,152,182,200,208,278,298,324],"incidence,":[39],"diagnostic":[40,272],"challenges,":[41],"management":[43,89,167],"outcomes":[44],"at":[48,70],"largest":[50,325],"tertiary":[51,326],"hospital":[52,327],"in":[53,172,261,328,346],"Jordan.":[54,329],"Methods":[55],"was":[57,143,170,199,277,297,337],"retrospective,":[59],"descriptive,":[60],"all":[64,229],"patients":[65,174],"treated":[66],"for":[67,96,134,242,355],"Al":[71],"Bashir":[72],"Hospital":[73],"between":[74],"January":[75],"1,":[76],"2023,":[77],"June":[79],"20,":[80],"2025.":[81],"Eligibility":[82],"criteria":[83],"clinical":[85,98,127,155],"indications":[86],"determined":[87],"approach.":[90],"Electronic":[91],"medical":[92],"records":[93],"were":[94,119,132,157,210,241],"reviewed":[95],"demographics,":[97],"details,":[99],"treatment":[101],"data.":[102],"Descriptive":[103],"analyses,":[104],"comparative":[105],"tests":[106],"(Fisher\u2019s":[107],"exact":[108],"or":[109,251],"Chi-square":[110],"test":[111],"as":[112],"appropriate),":[113],"multivariable":[115],"logistic":[116],"regression":[117],"analysis":[118],"used":[120,171],"identify":[122],"independent":[123,280,300],"predictors":[124],"key":[126],"outcomes.":[128,361],"95%":[129,178,204,213,287,308],"confidence":[130],"intervals":[131],"calculated":[133],"major":[135],"rates.":[136],"Results":[137],"The":[138],"incidence":[139,331],"8.99":[144],"per":[145,334],"1,000":[146,335],"deliveries":[147],"(95%":[148,238,263],"CI":[149,179,205,214,239,264,288,309],"7.98\u201310.09),":[150],"most":[153],"prevalent":[154],"characteristics":[156],"previous":[158,162],"miscarriage":[159],"(37.54%)":[160],"cesarean":[163],"sections.":[164],"(33.54%).":[165],"Medical":[166],"with":[168],"Methotrexate":[169,196,303],"91":[173],"(success":[175],"rate":[176],"79.12%,":[177],"69.68\u201386.21%).":[180],"Among":[181],"214":[183],"surgically":[184],"managed":[185],"confirmed":[186,248],"pregnancies":[188],"(195":[189],"primary":[190],"surgery;":[191],"19":[192,235],"salvage":[193],"surgery":[194,250],"after":[195],"failure),":[197],"laparotomy":[198],"predominant":[201],"approach":[202],"(85.05%,":[203],"79.65\u201389.20%),":[206],"majority":[209],"ruptured":[211],"(66.36%,":[212],"59.79\u201372.35%).":[215],"Postoperative":[216],"complications":[217],"comprised":[218],"4":[219],"(1.87%)":[220],"wound":[221],"infections":[222],"3":[224],"(1.40%)":[225],"bowel":[226],"obstructions.":[227],"Of":[228],"253":[230],"surgeries":[231],"performed":[232],"(234":[233],"primary;":[234],"salvage),":[236],"15.42%":[237],"11.49\u201320.38%)":[240],"presumed":[244],"not":[247],"during":[249],"histopathology,":[253],"histology":[255],"failed":[256],"confirm":[258],"3.59%":[262],"1.75\u20137.22%)":[265],"195":[267],"tubal":[268,283],"salpingectomy":[269],"specimens,":[270],"highlighting":[271],"challenges.":[273],"Pelvic":[274],"free":[275],"fluid":[276],"sole":[279],"predictor":[281,301],"rupture":[284],"(aOR":[285],"37.3,":[286],"12.7\u2013109.2,":[289],"p-value":[290,311],"<":[291],"0.001),":[292],"initial":[294],"\u03b2-hCG":[295],"titer":[296],"only":[299],"success":[304],"(Firth":[305],"aOR":[306],"0.17,":[307],"0.04\u20130.66,":[310],"0.011).":[312],"Conclusion":[313],"provides":[316],"updated":[317],"epidemiological":[318],"Our":[330],"estimate":[332],"(8.99":[333],"deliveries)":[336],"higher":[338],"historically":[340],"reported":[341],"local":[342],"figures.":[344],"Competency":[345],"early":[347],"ultrasonography":[349],"enhanced":[351],"training":[352],"essential":[354],"accurate,":[356],"timely":[357],"diagnosis":[358],"improved":[360]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}