{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225761149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-026-10985-4","title":"Persistence of Benzodiazepines After Initiation in Patients Prescribed Long-term Opioids: Retrospective Cohort Study","display_name":"Persistence of Benzodiazepines After Initiation in Patients Prescribed Long-term Opioids: Retrospective Cohort Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225761149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-026-10985-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11606-026-10985-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-026-10985-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-026-10985-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116608325","display_name":"Journal of General Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0884-8734","issn":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of General Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-026-10985-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023757045","display_name":"Joshua J. Fenton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0581-835X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0581-835X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua J. Fenton","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0581-835X","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002382764","display_name":"Shao\u2010You Fang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shao-You Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161386745","display_name":"Susan Stewart","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan Stewart","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003913349","display_name":"Iraklis Erik Tseregounis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-9444","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5320-9444"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Iraklis Erik Tseregounis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003891659","display_name":"James J. Gasper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-1986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7732-1986"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"James J. Gasper","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161396631","display_name":"Marykate Miller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marykate Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031833350","display_name":"Jeremy DeMartini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-7166","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-7166"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeremy DeMartini","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047362961","display_name":"Stephen G. Henry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5643-0881","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5643-0881"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen G. Henry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":5290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5290},"apc_paid":{"value":5290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10576","display_name":"Opioid Use Disorder Treatment","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10496","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Practices and Patient Outcomes","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2717","display_name":"Geriatrics and Gerontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11199","display_name":"Pain Management and Opioid Use","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9527999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.8422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83871","display_name":"Benzodiazepine","level":3,"score":0.7232999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2426938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3355478","display_name":"Medical prescription","level":2,"score":0.715499997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.6014000177383423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104863432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q614304","display_name":"Pharmacy","level":2,"score":0.6000999808311462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5116000175476074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143095724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515895","display_name":"Odds","level":3,"score":0.47839999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17923572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7250160","display_name":"Propensity score matching","level":2,"score":0.47760000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195910791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324077","display_name":"Medical record","level":2,"score":0.46869999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194828623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2861470","display_name":"Emergency medicine","level":1,"score":0.4404999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781009140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7170389","display_name":"Persistence (discontinuity)","level":2,"score":0.42320001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.4081999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781063702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523","display_name":"Opioid","level":3,"score":0.3824000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23276603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q158230","display_name":"Pharmacoepidemiology","level":3,"score":0.374099999666214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779159551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414874","display_name":"Comorbidity","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776315796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505252","display_name":"Drug overdose","level":3,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984752397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3259956","display_name":"Primary care","level":2,"score":0.2572999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780265253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416012","display_name":"Managed care","level":3,"score":0.25450000166893005}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11606-026-10985-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-026-10985-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-026-10985-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116608325","display_name":"Journal of General Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0884-8734","issn":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of General Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11606-026-10985-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-026-10985-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-026-10985-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116608325","display_name":"Journal of General Internal Medicine","issn_l":"0884-8734","issn":["0884-8734","1525-1497"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of General Internal Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1632540777","https://openalex.org/W1918215063","https://openalex.org/W2017507208","https://openalex.org/W2269142103","https://openalex.org/W2597966538","https://openalex.org/W2612251907","https://openalex.org/W2789343601","https://openalex.org/W2797958228","https://openalex.org/W2809119374","https://openalex.org/W2838309370","https://openalex.org/W2890898409","https://openalex.org/W2912520537","https://openalex.org/W2965228572","https://openalex.org/W2975621114","https://openalex.org/W3087107171","https://openalex.org/W3133562656","https://openalex.org/W3158676070","https://openalex.org/W3191363542","https://openalex.org/W4214498113","https://openalex.org/W4307347633","https://openalex.org/W4308369850","https://openalex.org/W4399428577","https://openalex.org/W4412484563","https://openalex.org/W7151983492"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Importance":[1],"Patients":[2,245],"prescribed":[3,85,284],"long-term":[4,285,296],"opioids":[5,86],"are":[6],"often":[7],"co-prescribed":[8],"benzodiazepines,":[9],"which":[10,43],"heighten":[11],"overdose":[12],"risk.":[13],"Objective":[14],"To":[15],"assess":[16],"the":[17,38,60,101],"persistence":[18],"of":[19,90,107,121,141,174,187,219,290,295],"new":[20,68],"opioid-benzodiazepine":[21,166,275],"co-prescriptions":[22],"and":[23,47,50,55,97,110,128,287],"identify":[24],"patient":[25],"characteristics":[26],"associated":[27],"with":[28,66,138,171,180,215],"persistent":[29,165],"co-prescription.":[30,297],"Design":[31],"Retrospective":[32],"cohort":[33],"study.":[34],"Setting":[35],"Data":[36,41],"from":[37,75],"Optum":[39],"Labs":[40],"Warehouse,":[42],"includes":[44],"de-identified":[45],"medical":[46],"pharmacy":[48],"claims":[49],"enrollment":[51],"records":[52],"for":[53,87,116,197,208,228,238],"commercial":[54],"Medicare":[56],"Advantage":[57],"enrollees":[58],"across":[59],"United":[61],"States.":[62],"Participants":[63],"U.S.":[64],"adults":[65],"a":[67,93,251],"benzodiazepine":[69,111,145,248,280],"prescription":[70],"(\u2265":[71],"3":[72],"days'":[73],"supply)":[74],"July":[76],"1,":[77,178],"2016":[78],"to":[79,118,169,257],"December":[80],"31,":[81],"2021,":[82],"who":[83],"were":[84,147,253],"\u2265":[88,129,209,216,239,259],"80%":[89],"days":[91,173,182,218,289],"during":[92,113],"6-month":[94],"baseline":[95],"period":[96],"no":[98],"benzodiazepines":[99],"in":[100,176,263,282],"prior":[102],"year.":[103],"Outcome":[104],"Measures":[105],"Days":[106],"overlapping":[108],"opioid":[109],"prescriptions":[112,146],"30-day":[114],"periods":[115],"up":[117],"1":[119,221,265],"year":[120],"follow-up,":[122],"classified":[123],"as":[124],"0,":[125],"1\u201310,":[126],"11\u201324,":[127],"25":[130,217,240,260],"days.":[131],"Results":[132],"The":[133],"study":[134],"included":[135],"32,815":[136],"patients":[137,170,283],"mean":[139],"follow-up":[140],"9.9":[142],"months.":[143],"Initial":[144],"written":[148],"by":[149],"primary":[150,268],"care":[151,269],"physicians":[152],"(47.9%),":[153],"psychiatrists":[154],"(5.2%),":[155],"or":[156],"other":[157],"specialties":[158],"(46.9%).":[159],"At":[160],"month":[161,177,191,201,220,233,264],"12,":[162],"25.7%":[163],"had":[164,183,223],"overlap.":[167],"Compared":[168],"1\u201310":[172],"overlap":[175,189,199,222,231,262,292],"those":[179,214],"11\u201324":[181,229],"significantly":[184,254],"increased":[185],"odds":[186,194],"higher":[188],"at":[190,200,232],"12":[192],"[adjusted":[193],"ratio":[195],"(aOR)":[196],"11\u201324-day":[198],"12:":[202,234],"3.58":[203],"(95%":[204],"CI:":[205],"3.03\u20134.22);":[206],"aOR":[207,237],"25-day":[210],"overlap:":[211,242],"3.65":[212],"(3.07\u20134.33)];":[213],"even":[224],"greater":[225,288],"risk":[226,294],"[aOR":[227],"day":[230,241],"4.48":[235],"(3.85\u20135.22);":[236],"9.73":[243],"(8.37\u201311.32)].":[244],"whose":[246],"initial":[247,291],"prescriber":[249],"was":[250],"psychiatrist":[252],"more":[255],"likely":[256],"have":[258],"days\u2019":[261],"(aOR":[266],"vs.":[267],"physician:":[270],"2.45":[271],"[2.10\u20132.85]).":[272],"Conclusions":[273],"Persistent":[274],"co-prescription":[276],"is":[277],"common":[278],"following":[279],"initiation":[281],"opioids,":[286],"increases":[293]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}