{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225761073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111229","title":"Massive Black-Hole Mergers at the Density Cap: LISA-Band Consequences of the Aldred Frame","display_name":"Massive Black-Hole Mergers at the Density Cap: LISA-Band Consequences of the Aldred Frame","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225761073","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111229"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24111229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111229","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159396451","display_name":"William Alexander Aldred","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldred, William Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159396451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10463","display_name":"Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10744","display_name":"Astrophysical Phenomena and Observations","score":0.002899999963119626,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10095","display_name":"Cosmology and Gravitation Theories","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44870925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37547","display_name":"Astrophysics","level":1,"score":0.4221999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777586563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2995755","display_name":"Density contrast","level":2,"score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166689943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850283","display_name":"Interferometry","level":2,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38119998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32848918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845789","display_name":"Observable","level":2,"score":0.37549999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777293921","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7316045","display_name":"Rest frame","level":4,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57691317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1289248","display_name":"Scalar (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3488999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184050105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273163","display_name":"Isotropy","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33024259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76250","display_name":"Redshift","level":3,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205606062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249645","display_name":"Decoupling (probability)","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172849965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3148875","display_name":"Reference frame","level":3,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159176650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43261","display_name":"Horizon","level":2,"score":0.31540000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190330329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190035","display_name":"Gravitational wave","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.30410000681877136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98444146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318","display_name":"Galaxy","level":2,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48677424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888088","display_name":"Mode (computer interface)","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.28459998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539450922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q544","display_name":"Solar System","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124017977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11412","display_name":"Gravitation","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154954056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1604164","display_name":"Transverse plane","level":2,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178635117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747499","display_name":"RADIUS","level":2,"score":0.25839999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189039984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8225412","display_name":"Directivity","level":3,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17825722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17285","display_name":"Plane (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24111229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24111230","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111230","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111230","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24111229","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111229","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111229","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1,386],"extends":[2],"the":[3,7,33,36,63,74,87,95,113,125,137,153,162,167,171,175,185,191,200,213,217,228,235,247,274,296,309,321,336,355,372,376,392,404,407,417,427],"black-hole":[4],"bookkeeping":[5],"of":[6,46,67,86,94,174,184,203,212,219,227,250,295,303,394,406],"Aldred":[8,401],"frame":[9,236,288,337,356,374],"\u2014":[10,28,283,289],"Einstein\u2013Cartan":[11],"spin\u2013torsion":[12],"gravity":[13],"with":[14,62,300,338,391],"a":[15,78,207,339,345,351],"limiting":[16],"density":[17],"\u03c1_A":[18],"=":[19,56,180],"9.72\u00d710\u2075\u2074":[20],"g/cm\u00b3":[21],"at":[22,53,144,157,178,196,242,320],"which":[23,232,284],"collapse":[24],"halts":[25],"and":[26,70,82,108,124,148,216,246,266,312,330,354,375,389,412],"reverses":[27],"from":[29,117,136,237],"stellar-mass":[30],"systems":[31,101],"to":[32,119,130,182,210,305,314,363],"massive":[34],"regime":[35],"Laser":[37],"Interferometer":[38],"Space":[39],"Antenna":[40],"(LISA)":[41],"will":[42,325],"observe:":[43],"equal-mass":[44],"mergers":[45],"total":[47],"source-frame":[48],"mass":[49],"10\u2074\u201310\u2077":[50],"solar":[51],"masses":[52],"redshifts":[54],"z":[55],"1\u201310.":[57],"Signal-to-noise":[58],"ratios":[59,105,110],"are":[60,140,368,424],"estimated":[61],"analytic":[64],"LISA":[65,98,233,324],"sensitivity":[66],"Robson,":[68],"Cornish":[69],"Liu":[71],"(2019),":[72],"including":[73],"four-year":[75],"galactic-confusion":[76],"term,":[77],"restricted":[79],"post-Newtonian":[80],"inspiral,":[81],"an":[83,396],"energy-based":[84],"estimate":[85],"dominant":[88],"(2,2,0)":[89],"ringdown":[90,109],"mode":[91],"radiating":[92],"1%":[93],"remnant":[96,176,214],"mass.":[97],"sees":[99],"these":[100],"well:":[102],"inspiral":[103,127,193],"signal-to-noise":[104,244],"reach":[106],"2262":[107],"3198":[111],"on":[112],"grid,":[114],"sources":[115],"spend":[116],"days":[118],"centuries":[120],"above":[121],"0.1":[122],"mHz,":[123],"observable":[126],"accumulates":[128],"up":[129],"9.6\u00d710\u2074":[131],"cycles.":[132],"The":[133,225],"frame's":[134,418],"departures":[135],"Kerr":[138,238],"prediction":[139],"nevertheless":[141],"identically":[142],"zero":[143],"every":[145,259],"grid":[146,298],"point,":[147],"this":[149,287,385],"negative":[150],"result":[151],"is":[152,169,195,206,223,239,253,285],"paper's":[154],"headline,":[155],"printed":[156],"full":[158],"size.":[159],"In":[160],"vacuum":[161],"torsion":[163],"correction":[164],"vanishes,":[165],"so":[166],"exterior":[168],"Kerr;":[170],"bounced":[172],"core":[173],"sits":[177],"R_A/r_s":[179],"2.8\u00d710\u207b\u00b9\u2076":[181],"2.8\u00d710\u207b\u00b9\u2078":[183],"horizon":[186],"radius,":[187],"causally":[188],"inside":[189],"it;":[190],"formal":[192],"dephasing":[194],"most":[197],"1.8\u00d710\u207b\u2074\u00b2":[198],"cycles;":[199],"evaporation":[201],"floor":[202],"8.66\u00d710\u00b9\u00b3":[204],"g":[205],"fraction":[208],"4.6\u00d710\u207b\u00b2\u2074":[209],"4.6\u00d710\u207b\u00b2\u2077":[211],"mass;":[215],"number":[218,249],"echoes":[220],"reaching":[221],"infinity":[222],"zero.":[224],"region":[226],"mass\u2013redshift":[229],"plane":[230],"in":[231,293,308,332],"distinguishes":[234],"therefore":[240],"empty,":[241],"any":[243,361],"ratio,":[245],"expected":[248],"distinguishing":[251,316],"events":[252,269,317],"0.0":[254],"per":[255,270,318],"mission":[256],"year":[257,319],"under":[258,403],"published":[260],"merger-rate":[261],"model":[262,369],"considered":[263],"(5,":[264],"30,":[265],"100":[267],"detectable":[268],"year).":[271],"For":[272],"reference,":[273],"horizonless":[275],"reflective":[276],"configuration":[277,328],"that":[278,327,333],"echo":[279,301],"searches":[280],"actually":[281],"test":[282],"not":[286],"would":[290],"be":[291],"distinguishable":[292,310],"11":[294],"35":[297],"cells,":[299],"delays":[302],"1.1\u00d710\u00b3":[304],"7.8\u00d710\u2074":[306],"s":[307],"cells":[311],"1.6":[313],"31":[315],"same":[322],"rates;":[323],"constrain":[326],"strongly,":[329],"nothing":[331],"constraint":[334],"touches":[335],"horizon.":[340],"No":[341],"precursor":[342],"observation":[343],"creates":[344],"tension:":[346],"no":[347,358],"instrument":[348,362],"has":[349],"observed":[350],"massive-merger":[352],"ringdown,":[353],"predicts":[357],"departure":[359],"for":[360],"have":[364],"seen.":[365],"All":[366,422],"figures":[367],"calculations":[370],"within":[371],"stated":[373,377],"waveform":[378],"approximations:":[379],"SIMULATED,":[380],"NOT":[381],"MEASURED.":[382],"AI-use":[383],"disclosure:":[384],"was":[387],"drafted":[388],"computed":[390],"assistance":[393],"Dave,":[395],"AI":[397],"assistant":[398],"operated":[399],"by":[400,426],"Industries,":[402],"direction":[405],"author;":[408],"all":[409],"derivations,":[410],"computations,":[411],"conclusions":[413],"were":[414],"reviewed":[415],"against":[416],"equations":[419],"before":[420],"deposit.":[421],"numbers":[423],"produced":[425],"deposited":[428],"compute.py.":[429]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
