{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225759963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2760582","title":"Leakage-aware fine-grained crop and treatment classification from UAV imagery","display_name":"Leakage-aware fine-grained crop and treatment classification from UAV imagery","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225759963","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2760582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01431161.2026.2760582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2760582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2760582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117411352","display_name":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0143-1161","issn":["0143-1161","1366-5901"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2760582","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029766390","display_name":"Imene Aloui","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206961696","display_name":"University of Biskra","ror":"https://ror.org/05fr5y859","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Imene Aloui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Khider University of Biskra"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7078-220X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Khider University of Biskra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055185889","display_name":"A. Aissaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1943-4080","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1943-4080"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206961696","display_name":"University of Biskra","ror":"https://ror.org/05fr5y859","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azeddine Aissaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Khider University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1943-4080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Khider University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007208758","display_name":"Ahmed Tibermacine","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7021-1194","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7021-1194"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206961696","display_name":"University of Biskra","ror":"https://ror.org/05fr5y859","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Tibermacine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Khider University of Biskra"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7021-1194","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Khider University of Biskra","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159819158","display_name":"Fatiha Ghedjemis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5405-1095","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5405-1095"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I206961696","display_name":"University of Biskra","ror":"https://ror.org/05fr5y859","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatiha Ghedjemis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mohamed Khider University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5405-1095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mohamed Khider University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029766390"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I206961696"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.7387999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10616","display_name":"Smart Agriculture and AI","score":0.7387999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10111","display_name":"Remote Sensing in Agriculture","score":0.2142000049352646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10689","display_name":"Remote-Sensing Image Classification","score":0.022700000554323196,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.5479000210762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.487199991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.44830000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44130000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31170391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188619","display_name":"Hierarchy","level":2,"score":0.4275999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166955791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629579","display_name":"Macro","level":2,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3767000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3756999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167651023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474611","display_name":"Plot (graphics)","level":2,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780312720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5689100","display_name":"Head (geology)","level":2,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101000010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5033434","display_name":"Canopy","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.28619998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183762234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7598596","display_name":"Standing crop","level":3,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21080849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13611879","display_name":"Data point","level":2,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.2524000108242035}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/01431161.2026.2760582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2760582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2760582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117411352","display_name":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0143-1161","issn":["0143-1161","1366-5901"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/01431161.2026.2760582","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2760582","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2026.2760582","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117411352","display_name":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","issn_l":"0143-1161","issn":["0143-1161","1366-5901"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2120199131","https://openalex.org/W2972081044","https://openalex.org/W3028448552","https://openalex.org/W3046824286","https://openalex.org/W3097760447","https://openalex.org/W3125914437","https://openalex.org/W3159278315","https://openalex.org/W4283215250","https://openalex.org/W4317739596","https://openalex.org/W4321766453","https://openalex.org/W4323840407","https://openalex.org/W4382243959","https://openalex.org/W4385576721","https://openalex.org/W4390273210","https://openalex.org/W4390542558","https://openalex.org/W4390607797","https://openalex.org/W4394018367","https://openalex.org/W4395116720","https://openalex.org/W4399549746","https://openalex.org/W4404723174","https://openalex.org/W4405113734","https://openalex.org/W4407215347","https://openalex.org/W4409109940","https://openalex.org/W4409967251","https://openalex.org/W4411034475","https://openalex.org/W4416727739","https://openalex.org/W7118572638","https://openalex.org/W7120126118","https://openalex.org/W7125172644","https://openalex.org/W7125483213","https://openalex.org/W7125939861","https://openalex.org/W7128302807","https://openalex.org/W7128848440","https://openalex.org/W7153152267","https://openalex.org/W7155172360","https://openalex.org/W7163917984","https://openalex.org/W7213262210"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicle":[2],"(UAV)":[3],"studies":[4],"classifying":[5],"crop":[6,46],"varieties":[7],"and":[8,34,49,76,93,117],"treatments":[9],"often":[10],"report":[11],"accuracies":[12],"above":[13],"95%,":[14],"yet":[15],"trials":[16],"are":[17],"organized":[18],"as":[19],"plots":[20],"with":[21,99,111,145],"constant":[22],"labels,":[23],"so":[24],"random":[25],"patch":[26,57],"splitting":[27,67],"places":[28],"near-duplicate":[29],"samples":[30],"in":[31,136,184],"both":[32],"training":[33],"test":[35],"sets.":[36],"On":[37],"a":[38,108,112,180],"single":[39],"public":[40],"trial,":[41],"MuST-C":[42],"(17":[43],"classes":[44],"of":[45,132,186],"species,":[47],"genotypes":[48],"treatment":[50],"levels;":[51],"80":[52],"plots,":[53],"13":[54],"dates,":[55],"3,319":[56],"sequences)":[58],"we":[59,88],"measure":[60],"this":[61],"under":[62],"otherwise":[63],"identical":[64,166],"conditions:":[65],"patch-level":[66],"inflates":[68],"accuracy":[69,174],"by":[70,79,140],"24.1":[71],"points":[72,177],"(80.68%":[73],"versus":[74],"56.60%)":[75],"macro":[77],"F1":[78],"0.295,":[80],"concentrated":[81],"on":[82],"treatment-level":[83],"classes.":[84],"Under":[85],"plot-level":[86],"cross-validation":[87],"benchmark":[89],"nine":[90],"published":[91,134],"architectures":[92,135],"find":[94],"that":[95],"replacing":[96],"temporal":[97],"attention":[98],"mean":[100,173],"pooling":[101],"gains":[102],"5.21":[103],"points.":[104],"We":[105],"propose":[106],"HOT-Net,":[107],"hierarchical":[109],"network":[110],"species":[113],"head,":[114],"per-species":[115],"heads":[116],"an":[118,149],"ordinal":[119,156],"head":[120,158],"for":[121],"the":[122,152,155,162,190],"monotone":[123],"nitrogen":[124,157],"treatment.":[125],"HOT-Net":[126],"is":[127,175,193],"more":[128],"accurate":[129],"than":[130,160,179],"each":[131],"six":[133],"all":[137],"four":[138],"folds,":[139,188],"4.6":[141],"to":[142,154,161],"14.6":[143],"points,":[144],"37\u201372%":[146],"fewer":[147],"parameters;":[148],"ablation":[150],"attributes":[151],"gain":[153],"rather":[159],"hierarchy":[163],"itself.":[164],"With":[165],"14-channel":[167],"input":[168],"including":[169],"canopy":[170],"height,":[171],"its":[172],"5.80":[176],"higher":[178],"selective":[181],"state-space":[182],"baseline":[183],"10":[185],"12":[187],"although":[189],"corrected":[191],"difference":[192],"not":[194],"significant":[195],"(p=0.107).":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}