{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225759555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19224771","title":"Effect of Ionization Fraction on the Structure and Deposition Mechanisms of Diamond-like Carbon Films: A Molecular Dynamics Study","display_name":"Effect of Ionization Fraction on the Structure and Deposition Mechanisms of Diamond-like Carbon Films: A Molecular Dynamics Study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225759555","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19224771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma19224771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19224771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19224771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19224771","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100772983","display_name":"Yi Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-5745","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5419-5745","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4015-398X","https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8935-7885","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5015-920X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405271311","display_name":"Lanzhou University of Arts and Science","ror":"https://ror.org/027kpn765","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405271311"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yi Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Media Engineering, Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, Lanzhou 730000, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Media Engineering, Lanzhou University of Arts and Science, Lanzhou 730000, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271311"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100772983"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405271311"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"22","first_page":"4771","last_page":"4771"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10478","display_name":"Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research","score":0.8291000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10478","display_name":"Diamond and Carbon-based Materials Research","score":0.8291000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10377","display_name":"Metal and Thin Film Mechanics","score":0.16760000586509705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12166","display_name":"Ion-surface interactions and analysis","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2508","display_name":"Surfaces, Coatings and Films"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198291218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190382","display_name":"Ionization","level":3,"score":0.7314000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64297162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1987070","display_name":"Deposition (geology)","level":3,"score":0.4422999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.4311000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.4300999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59593255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901663","display_name":"Molecular dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159467904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001702","display_name":"Chemical physics","level":1,"score":0.41600000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4153999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30407753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186191","display_name":"Compressive strength","level":2,"score":0.414000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202974441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2576844","display_name":"Stress relaxation","level":3,"score":0.4049000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.40400001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162633436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1748600","display_name":"Thermal ionization","level":5,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9930424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7426587","display_name":"Saturation (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3758000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.35690000653266907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123380192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389419","display_name":"Diamond-like carbon","level":3,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36591836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q125264","display_name":"Mole fraction","level":2,"score":0.33730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147192597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483769","display_name":"Ionization energy","level":4,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184779094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26383","display_name":"Atomic physics","level":1,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41999313","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q489328","display_name":"Molecular physics","level":1,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513720949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778729","display_name":"Carbon nanotube","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116628846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899138","display_name":"Mass fraction","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75937256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1440781","display_name":"Carbon film","level":3,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152365726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048589","display_name":"Density functional theory","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781463530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q904053","display_name":"Ion beam-assisted deposition","level":4,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2515999972820282}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma19224771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19224771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19224771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/ma19224771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19224771","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19224771","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S18714766","display_name":"Materials","issn_l":"1996-1944","issn":["1996-1944"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Materials","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1904673288","https://openalex.org/W1970486977","https://openalex.org/W2003378338","https://openalex.org/W2010398871","https://openalex.org/W2019465613","https://openalex.org/W2020324802","https://openalex.org/W2022058961","https://openalex.org/W2037439845","https://openalex.org/W2047692051","https://openalex.org/W2047968138","https://openalex.org/W2048755023","https://openalex.org/W2055589955","https://openalex.org/W2073670197","https://openalex.org/W2123125078","https://openalex.org/W2147093601","https://openalex.org/W2415374455","https://openalex.org/W2569733844","https://openalex.org/W2587137036","https://openalex.org/W2804209964","https://openalex.org/W2922322318","https://openalex.org/W2924246500","https://openalex.org/W2937342951","https://openalex.org/W2999624678","https://openalex.org/W3114310751","https://openalex.org/W4206916779","https://openalex.org/W4313626728","https://openalex.org/W4367320209","https://openalex.org/W4389285734","https://openalex.org/W4390781478","https://openalex.org/W4395956887","https://openalex.org/W4396887997","https://openalex.org/W4401583349","https://openalex.org/W4402922123","https://openalex.org/W4408478762","https://openalex.org/W4413328332","https://openalex.org/W4413903350","https://openalex.org/W7125529588","https://openalex.org/W7149293709"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,217],"mechanical":[1],"properties":[2],"of":[3,14,38,57,71,110,171,182,200,207,214],"DLC":[4,59],"films":[5,60],"are":[6],"strongly":[7],"process":[8],"dependent,":[9],"yet":[10],"the":[11,15,51,55,62,69,82,117,127,130,136,142,160,163,172,179,183,195,228,236,244,252,257],"ionization":[12,52,83,153,229],"fraction":[13,53,84,138,206,230],"carbon":[16],"plasma,":[17],"a":[18,34,88,92,103,107,156,168,198,210,224,239],"key":[19],"parameter,":[20],"remains":[21,139],"difficult":[22],"to":[23,48,65,115,124,178,251],"control":[24],"independently":[25],"in":[26,159,227],"experiments.":[27],"Here,":[28],"classical":[29],"molecular":[30],"dynamics":[31],"simulations":[32],"with":[33,106,167,209],"dual-energy":[35],"incident":[36],"flux":[37],"70":[39],"eV":[40,44],"ions":[41],"and":[42,76,126,129,162,194,203,235,256],"5":[43],"neutrals":[45],"were":[46],"used":[47],"investigate":[49],"how":[50],"governs":[54],"growth":[56,101,119],"hydrogen-free":[58],"over":[61],"full":[63,190],"0":[64],"100%":[66],"range.":[67],"Because":[68],"energy":[70],"each":[72],"species":[73],"is":[74,80,85,176],"fixed":[75],"only":[77,155],"their":[78],"ratio":[79],"varied,":[81],"isolated":[86],"as":[87],"single":[89],"variable,":[90],"which":[91,243],"mono-energetic":[93],"beam":[94],"cannot":[95],"provide.":[96],"At":[97,189],"0%":[98,114],"ionization,":[99,191],"adsorption-dominated":[100],"yields":[102],"sp2-rich":[104],"structure":[105],"tensile":[108],"stress":[109,132,143,174,213,259],"+6.08":[111],"GPa.":[112,216],"From":[113],"50%,":[116,151],"dominant":[118],"mode":[120],"shifts":[121],"from":[122,242],"adsorption":[123],"subplantation,":[125],"density":[128,161,199],"compressive":[131,173,212],"rise":[133],"concurrently":[134],"while":[135],"sp3-C":[137,164,205,254],"essentially":[140],"constant,":[141],"peaking":[144],"at":[145,148],"\u221218":[146],"GPa":[147],"50%.":[149],"Beyond":[150],"further":[152,225],"produces":[154],"marginal":[157],"increase":[158,226],"fraction,":[165],"together":[166],"slight":[169],"relaxation":[170,181],"that":[175,223],"attributed":[177],"thermal":[180],"network":[184],"under":[185],"continuous":[186],"ion":[187],"bombardment.":[188],"subplantation":[192],"dominates":[193],"film":[196],"reaches":[197],"3.09":[201],"g/cm3":[202],"an":[204],"33.6%,":[208],"residual":[211],"\u221216.5":[215],"saturation":[218],"observed":[219],"above":[220],"50%":[221],"indicates":[222],"brings":[231],"little":[232],"structural":[233],"gain,":[234],"results":[237],"provide":[238],"quantitative":[240],"relationship":[241],"deposition":[245],"conditions":[246],"can":[247],"be":[248],"selected":[249],"according":[250],"desired":[253],"content":[255],"tolerable":[258],"level.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}