{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225758514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24094598","title":"Measuring Task-Resolving Hidden-State Transfer Between Frozen Language Models: code, precomputed source features, trained bridges, and data","display_name":"Measuring Task-Resolving Hidden-State Transfer Between Frozen Language Models: code, precomputed source features, trained bridges, and data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225758514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24094598"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24094598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24094598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24094598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"volume":null,"type":"dataset","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24094598","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040041536","display_name":"Dohoon Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-5489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2163-5489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71007489","display_name":"Kyungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/037pkxm09","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71007489"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Dohoon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyungnam University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7159-2756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyungnam University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71007489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016249429","display_name":"Nam\u2010Hyun Yoo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2161-9251","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2161-9251"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71007489","display_name":"Kyungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/037pkxm09","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71007489"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yoo, Namhyun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyungnam University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2161-9251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyungnam University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71007489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070668035","display_name":"Hyungwoo Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-6186","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-6186"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71007489","display_name":"Kyungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/037pkxm09","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71007489"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choi, Hyungwoo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyungnam University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9636-6186","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyungnam University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71007489"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060450867","display_name":"Hoan-Suk Choi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3233-7016","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3233-7016"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71007489","display_name":"Kyungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/037pkxm09","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71007489"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Choi, Hoan-suk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyungnam University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3233-7016","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyungnam University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71007489"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002394783","display_name":"Seungjin Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1130-7767","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1130-7767"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71007489","display_name":"Kyungnam University","ror":"https://ror.org/037pkxm09","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71007489"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lee, Seungjin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kyungnam University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1130-7767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kyungnam University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71007489"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71007489"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.5156000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.5156000256538391,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.46459999680519104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frozen-language-models","display_name":"frozen language models","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bridge-model","display_name":"bridge model","score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permutation-tests","display_name":"permutation tests","score":0.453000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qwen2-5","display_name":"Qwen2.5","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gemma-2","display_name":"Gemma 2","score":0.9169999957084656}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.703499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.48410001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43126263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128751","display_name":"Source code","level":2,"score":0.4749999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4641999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776175482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195816","display_name":"Transfer (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778134712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1047307","display_name":"Bundle","level":2,"score":0.36489999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780008327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3962","display_name":"Laptop","level":2,"score":0.3610999882221222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21308566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169365","display_name":"Permutation (music)","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.3492000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519991488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28865","display_name":"Python (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.336899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.3244999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.3237999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018397939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3644502","display_name":"Open source","level":3,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.29350000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.27059999108314514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126706616","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2944660","display_name":"Lexical item","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.25519999861717224}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24094598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24094598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24094598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24094599","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24094599","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24094599","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24094598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24094598","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24094598","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Dataset"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7167921049","https://openalex.org/W7163080436","https://openalex.org/W7212262036","https://openalex.org/W7224174918","https://openalex.org/W7224679767","https://openalex.org/W7203557070","https://openalex.org/W7213917275","https://openalex.org/W7162793075","https://openalex.org/W3027602624","https://openalex.org/W7136204024"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Companion":[0],"deposit":[1],"for":[2,74,173],"the":[3,21,35,57,82,88,97,113,121,145,174,189],"manuscript":[4],"\"Measuring":[5],"Task-Resolving":[6],"Hidden-State":[7],"Transfer":[8],"Between":[9],"Frozen":[10],"Language":[11],"Models\"":[12],"(submitted":[13],"to":[14],"Neural":[15],"Networks,":[16],"2026).":[17],"hsb_code_v1.0.zip":[18],"(MIT":[19],"license):":[20],"cb":[22],"Python":[23],"package":[24],"(deterministic":[25],"task":[26],"generators,":[27],"hidden-state":[28,72],"extraction,":[29],"bridge":[30],"training,":[31],"five-condition":[32],"evaluation":[33],"with":[34,60,103],"pre-registered":[36],"permutation":[37],"criterion),":[38],"9":[39],"frozen":[40],"YAML":[41],"configs,":[42],"a":[43,101,116,137,166,185],"laptop-CPU":[44],"quick-start":[45],"(quickstart_t1.py),":[46],"probe":[47],"/":[48,50],"richer-text":[49],"decomposition":[51],"defense":[52],"scripts,":[53,55],"figure":[54],"and":[56,79,106,109,115,129],"split-premise":[58],"experiment":[59],"per-item":[61],"outputs.":[62],"hsb_release_bundle_v1.0.tar.gz":[63],"(CC":[64],"BY":[65],"4.0,":[66],"513":[67],"MB):":[68],"precomputed":[69],"fp32":[70],"source":[71,148],"features":[73],"four":[75],"sources":[76],"(Qwen2.5-7B,":[77],"Qwen2.5-14B":[78],"Gemma-2-9B":[80],"on":[81,87,132,136,165],"3,000-item":[83],"multi-task":[84],"set;":[85],"Qwen2.5-7B":[86],"RACE":[89,191],"variant),":[90],"five":[91,142],"target":[92,119],"anchors,":[93],"21":[94],"trained":[95],"bridges,":[96],"two":[98],"item":[99],"sets,":[100],"MODEL_CARD":[102],"per-bridge":[104],"configuration":[105],"held-out":[107,133],"accuracies,":[108],"SHA256":[110],"checksums.":[111],"With":[112],"bundle":[114],"public":[117,190],"0.5B":[118],"model,":[120],"core":[122],"claim":[123],"(matched-state":[124],"injection":[125],"far":[126],"above":[127],"shuffled":[128],"no-injection":[130],"controls":[131],"items)":[134],"reproduces":[135],"laptop":[138],"CPU":[139],"in":[140,170],"about":[141],"minutes":[143],"without":[144],"15":[146],"GB":[147],"model.":[149],"Generators":[150],"are":[151,182,198],"seed-pinned":[152],"(seed":[153],"20260702),":[154],"so":[155],"every":[156],"number":[157],"can":[158],"also":[159],"be":[160],"regenerated":[161],"from":[162,188],"raw":[163],"models":[164,197],"GPU.":[167],"See":[168],"README.md":[169],"this":[171],"record":[172],"three":[175],"reproduction":[176],"tiers.":[177],"No":[178],"personal":[179],"data.":[180],"Items":[181],"synthetic":[183],"plus":[184],"variant":[186],"derived":[187],"benchmark.":[192],"Weights":[193],"of":[194],"third-party":[195],"language":[196],"not":[199],"redistributed.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}