{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225758218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0933.v1","title":"Pharmacokinetics of First-Line Antituberculosis Drugs Among Underweight Adults and Children: A Systematic Review","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics of First-Line Antituberculosis Drugs Among Underweight Adults and Children: A Systematic Review","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225758218","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0933.v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202611.0933.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0933.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0933.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0933.v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050428616","display_name":"Ritah Francis Mutagonda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8963-4920","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8963-4920"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ritah F. Mutagonda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8963-4920","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161365237","display_name":"Cleopatra Shonyella","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cleopatra Shonyella","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161379947","display_name":"Samwel Bahati","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samwel Bahati","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040444242","display_name":"Deodatus Sabas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-7087","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-7087"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deodatus Sabas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161367400","display_name":"Reuben S. Magembe","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reuben S. Magembe","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088858544","display_name":"Vesla I. Kullaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6120-3985","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6120-3985"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vesla I. Kullaya","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009802278","display_name":"Kennedy Michael Ngowi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3692-5940","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3692-5940"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kennedy M. Ngowi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089832078","display_name":"Peter M. Mbelele","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-187X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-187X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter M. Mbelele","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017234432","display_name":"Hadija Hamis Semvua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-5899","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1352-5899"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadija Semvua","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5156659293","display_name":"Pranay Sinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-0871","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4233-0871"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pranay Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161403965","display_name":"Scott Heysell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Scott Heysell","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069498331","display_name":"Stellah George Mpagama","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0660-6930","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0660-6930"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stellah Mpagama","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050428616"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9077000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10038","display_name":"Tuberculosis Research and Epidemiology","score":0.9077000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11036","display_name":"Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy","score":0.048700001090765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2736","display_name":"Pharmacology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12547","display_name":"Pharmaceutical studies and practices","score":0.019300000742077827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2735","display_name":"Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8495000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780459521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q417571","display_name":"Pyrazinamide","level":4,"score":0.67330002784729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776228421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412318","display_name":"Ethambutol","level":4,"score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112705442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323936","display_name":"Pharmacokinetics","level":2,"score":0.666700005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781121325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1146902","display_name":"Underweight","level":4,"score":0.6624000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778607973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422652","display_name":"Rifampicin","level":3,"score":0.4729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12204","display_name":"Tuberculosis","level":2,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776967927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423169","display_name":"Isoniazid","level":3,"score":0.43700000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.40849998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197934379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2047938","display_name":"Adverse effect","level":2,"score":0.3978999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3797999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.3156000077724457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172268261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4764988","display_name":"Animal studies","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202611.0933.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0933.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0933.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20944/preprints202611.0933.v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0933.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202611.0933.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S6309402219","display_name":"Preprints.org","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background:":[0],"Underweight":[1,232],"is":[2],"common":[3],"among":[4],"people":[5],"with":[6,155,240],"tuberculosis":[7],"(TB)":[8],"and":[9,16,26,40,44,51,64,99,113,128,143,172,191,222,233,271,298,304],"may":[10,237,255],"alter":[11],"the":[12,23],"absorption,":[13],"distribution,":[14],"metabolism,":[15],"elimination":[17],"of":[18,29,57,121,205],"first-line":[19,45],"antituberculosis":[20,46],"drugs.":[21],"However,":[22],"direction,":[24],"consistency,":[25],"clinical":[27],"significance":[28],"these":[30],"effects":[31],"remain":[32],"uncertain.":[33],"Objective:":[34],"To":[35],"review":[36],"associations":[37],"between":[38],"underweight":[39],"related":[41,234],"nutritional":[42,75,124,158,182,229,235],"phenotypes":[43,236],"drug":[47,259,302],"pharmacokinetics":[48],"in":[49,77,123,162,197,209,258],"adults":[50],"children.":[52],"Methods:":[53],"PubMed,":[54],"Embase,":[55],"Web":[56],"Science,":[58],"ProQuest,":[59],"CINAHL,":[60],"grey":[61],"literature":[62],"sources,":[63],"citation":[65],"tracking":[66],"were":[67,102,108,117,137,189],"searched":[68],"through":[69],"May":[70],"2026.":[71],"Eligible":[72],"studies":[73,107,133,177,211,224,288],"evaluated":[74],"status":[76],"relation":[78],"to":[79],"pharmacokinetic":[80],"outcomes":[81],"for":[82,195],"isoniazid,":[83],"rifampicin,":[84],"pyrazinamide,":[85],"or":[86,96,149,184,202,219],"ethambutol.":[87],"Pharmacokinetic":[88],"parameters,":[89],"achieved":[90,261],"mg/kg":[91,214],"dose,":[92,262],"treatment":[93,263],"timing,":[94,264],"dose":[95,215,268,280],"body-size":[97],"adjustment,":[98],"target":[100,226,296],"attainment":[101,227],"extracted":[103],"where":[104],"reported.":[105],"Longitudinal":[106,176],"synthesized":[109,118],"separately":[110],"from":[111],"cross-sectional":[112,148],"model-based":[114,150],"studies.":[115,175],"Findings":[116],"narratively":[119],"because":[120],"heterogeneity":[122],"definitions,":[125],"dosing,":[126,292],"endpoints,":[127],"analytical":[129],"methods.":[130],"Results:":[131],"Twenty-eight":[132],"involving":[134],"3,992":[135],"participants":[136],"included;":[138],"16/28":[139],"(57.1%)":[140],"enrolled":[141],"children":[142],"12/28":[144],"(42.9%)":[145],"adults.":[146],"Among":[147],"studies,":[151,165,168,171],"lower":[152],"exposure":[153],"associated":[154,239],"an":[156,249],"adverse":[157],"phenotype":[159],"was":[160,207,216],"reported":[161,218,225],"4/21":[163],"isoniazid":[164],"7/18":[166],"rifampicin":[167],"5/14":[169],"pyrazinamide":[170],"1/8":[173],"ethambutol":[174],"showed":[178],"variable":[179],"changes":[180,257],"during":[181],"rehabilitation":[183],"treatment.":[185],"These":[186],"directional":[187],"findings":[188],"descriptive":[190],"did":[192],"not":[193,247,277],"account":[194],"differences":[196,254],"study":[198],"size,":[199],"effect":[200],"magnitude,":[201],"precision.":[203],"Risk":[204],"bias":[206],"moderate":[208],"26/28":[210],"(92.9%).":[212],"Achieved":[213],"inconsistently":[217],"adjusted":[220],"for,":[221],"few":[223],"by":[228],"phenotype.":[230],"Conclusions:":[231],"be":[238],"altered":[241],"pharmacokinetics,":[242],"but":[243],"current":[244],"evidence":[245,275],"does":[246,276],"establish":[248],"independent":[250],"causal":[251],"effect.":[252],"Observed":[253],"reflect":[256],"disposition,":[260],"weight":[265],"change":[266],"without":[267],"reassignment,":[269],"comorbidities,":[270],"disease":[272],"severity.":[273],"Current":[274],"support":[278],"routine":[279],"adjustment":[281],"based":[282],"solely":[283],"on":[284],"anthropometric":[285],"status.":[286],"Prospective":[287],"should":[289],"report":[290],"longitudinal":[291],"evaluate":[293],"clinically":[294],"relevant":[295],"attainment,":[297],"assess":[299],"targeted":[300],"therapeutic":[301],"monitoring":[303],"model-informed":[305],"precision":[306],"dosing.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}