{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225757805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111479","title":"The Correctness Tax: Redundancy Energy at Exascale and Beyond","display_name":"The Correctness Tax: Redundancy Energy at Exascale and Beyond","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225757805","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111479"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24111479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111479","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159396451","display_name":"William Alexander Aldred","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldred, William Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159396451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.0024999999441206455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6233999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6111999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754940","display_name":"Mean time between failures","level":3,"score":0.5716000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4934000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.4754999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.46799999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.41620001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4041000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.38839998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.36309999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149629883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660926","display_name":"Fraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.31040000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124681953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339062","display_name":"Decomposition","level":2,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020065929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11379","display_name":"Total energy","level":3,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.26489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24111479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24111480","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111480","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111480","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24111479","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111479","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24111479","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1],"computing":[2],"system":[3,60],"grows,":[4],"its":[5,206],"mean":[6],"time":[7],"between":[8],"failures":[9],"falls":[10],"as":[11],"1/N":[12],"while":[13],"long":[14],"computations":[15],"do":[16],"not":[17],"shorten,":[18],"so":[19],"correctness":[20,75],"becomes":[21],"an":[22,217],"energy":[23,72,103,133],"line-item.":[24],"Using":[25],"the":[26,62,67,97,137,163,189,194,203],"standard":[27],"Young/Daly":[28],"checkpoint":[29,44,49,54,64],"model":[30],"with":[31,215],"published-order":[32],"inputs":[33],"(per-component":[34],"failure":[35],"rate":[36],"1000":[37],"FIT,":[38],"sensitivity":[39],"200-5000":[40],"FIT;":[41],"12":[42],"GB":[43],"state":[45],"per":[46],"component;":[47],"global":[48,105],"600":[50],"s;":[51],"local":[52,110,138],"multilevel":[53],"60":[55],"s),":[56],"this":[57],"paper":[58,190],"computes":[59],"MTBF,":[61],"optimal":[63],"interval,":[65],"and":[66,107,154,168,192,205,211],"fraction":[68],"of":[69,101,131,176],"total":[70,102,132],"machine":[71],"spent":[73],"on":[74],"for":[76,104,109],"N":[77],"=":[78],"1e5":[79,87],"to":[80,92],"1e8":[81,161],"components":[82,88,162],"under":[83],"three":[84],"strategies.":[85],"At":[86,160],"(25":[89],"MW,":[90],"comparable":[91],"Frontier's":[93],"published":[94],"22":[95],"MW)":[96],"tax":[98],"is":[99,155,165],"16.61%":[100],"checkpoint/restart":[106,169],"10.10%":[108],"checkpointing":[111,128],"plus":[112],"algorithm-based":[113],"fault":[114],"tolerance":[115],"at":[116,124,134,142,151],"5%":[117],"overhead":[118],"-":[119],"smaller":[120],"than":[121],"folklore":[122],"claims":[123],"current":[125],"scale.":[126],"Global":[127],"crosses":[129,140],"50%":[130,141,150],"1.61e6":[135],"components;":[136,144],"strategy":[139],"1.37e7":[143],"dual":[145],"modular":[146],"redundancy":[147],"costs":[148],"exactly":[149],"every":[152,200],"scale":[153],"cheapest":[156],"beyond":[157],"those":[158],"crossings.":[159],"MTBF":[164],"36":[166],"s":[167],"consumes":[170],"95.73%":[171],"(global)":[172],"or":[173],"78.80%":[174],"(local)":[175],"all":[177],"energy.":[178],"Model":[179],"calculations":[180],"are":[181],"labelled":[182],"SIMULATED,":[183],"NOT":[184],"MEASURED.":[185],"The":[186],"deposit":[187],"includes":[188],"PDF":[191],"Markdown,":[193],"computation":[195],"script":[196],"(compute.py)":[197],"that":[198],"produces":[199],"number":[201],"in":[202],"paper,":[204],"outputs":[207],"(results.json,":[208],"results.txt).":[209],"Computations":[210],"drafting":[212],"were":[213],"performed":[214],"Dave,":[216],"AI":[218],"research":[219],"system.":[220]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
