{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225757448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24103411","title":"The Stored-Energy Ceiling of Superconducting Magnets, Recounted: Critical Current, Hoop Stress and Quench Protection in NbTi, Nb3Sn and REBCO Solenoids","display_name":"The Stored-Energy Ceiling of Superconducting Magnets, Recounted: Critical Current, Hoop Stress and Quench Protection in NbTi, Nb3Sn and REBCO Solenoids","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225757448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24103411"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24103411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24103411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24103411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24103411","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159396451","display_name":"William Alexander Aldred","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldred, William Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159396451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11808","display_name":"Superconducting Materials and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11808","display_name":"Superconducting Materials and Applications","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11367","display_name":"Particle accelerators and beam dynamics","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11920","display_name":"Pulsed Power Technology Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34800285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5159395","display_name":"Conductor","level":2,"score":0.8489000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777489069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1589822","display_name":"Ceiling (cloud)","level":2,"score":0.63919997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16389437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11421","display_name":"Magnet","level":2,"score":0.6201000213623047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6190000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192144188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245739","display_name":"Solenoid","level":2,"score":0.6129000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172108966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120120","display_name":"Superconducting magnet","level":3,"score":0.5715000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54101563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124131","display_name":"Superconductivity","level":2,"score":0.5687000155448914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4927000105381012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987373456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186713","display_name":"Critical current","level":3,"score":0.4909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115260700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11408","display_name":"Magnetic field","level":2,"score":0.46129998564720154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30403606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2981904","display_name":"Electromagnetic coil","level":2,"score":0.4162999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106997767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178032","display_name":"Electromagnet","level":3,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776058289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7039313","display_name":"Niobium-tin","level":4,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178290832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5199275","display_name":"Cylinder stress","level":3,"score":0.3578999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.3549000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.31520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910578268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120120","display_name":"Superconducting Coils","level":4,"score":0.3068000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54999516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q915682","display_name":"Superconducting magnetic energy storage","level":4,"score":0.3061000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32546565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856711","display_name":"Magnetization","level":3,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207740977","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234072","display_name":"Current density","level":2,"score":0.30140000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202374169","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124291","display_name":"Electrical conductor","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87668248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40605","display_name":"Large Hadron Collider","level":2,"score":0.29589998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46141821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209402","display_name":"Nuclear magnetic resonance","level":1,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162565982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3725254","display_name":"Magnetic energy","level":4,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983502797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828402","display_name":"Energy density","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24103411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24103411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24103411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24103412","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24103412","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24103412","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24103411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24103411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24103411","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,92],"energy":[1],"density":[2,41,107],"stored":[3],"in":[4],"a":[5,22,67,127],"magnetic":[6,12],"field,":[7],"B^2/2mu0,":[8],"is":[9,25,114,131,141],"also":[10],"the":[11,15,18,31,149,152,155,162,173,177],"pressure":[13],"on":[14],"windings,":[16],"so":[17],"stored-energy":[19],"ceiling":[20,136],"of":[21,72],"superconducting":[23],"magnet":[24,160],"set":[26],"by":[27,172],"conductor":[28,179],"limits,":[29],"not":[30],"field":[32],"formula.":[33],"A":[34],"single":[35],"iteration":[36],"(field":[37],"->":[38,47,51],"critical":[39],"current":[40,106],"from":[42,176],"published":[43],"4.2":[44],"K":[45],"parametrisations":[46],"required":[48],"winding":[49,130],"thickness":[50],"structure":[52],"fraction":[53],"needed":[54],"to":[55],"keep":[56],"hoop":[57],"stress":[58,102],"within":[59],"allowable":[60],"limits)":[61],"gives":[62],"self-consistent":[63],"maximum":[64],"fields":[65],"for":[66,75,81,88,100,116,121,126],"50":[68],"mm":[69],"bore":[70],"solenoid":[71],"9.5":[73],"T":[74,80,87,158,164],"NbTi":[76],"(36":[77],"MJ/m3),":[78],"19.5":[79],"Nb3Sn":[82],"(151":[83],"MJ/m3)":[84],"and":[85,118,161],"33.0":[86],"REBCO":[89],"(433":[90],"MJ/m3).":[91],"binding":[93],"term":[94],"differs":[95],"per":[96],"conductor:":[97],"critical-current":[98],"fall-off":[99],"NbTi,":[101],"arriving":[103],"jointly":[104],"with":[105,148],"(and":[108],"governing":[109],"design":[110],"because":[111],"its":[112,135,138],"exceedance":[113],"irreversible)":[115],"Nb3Sn,":[117],"quench":[119],"protection":[120,124],"REBCO,":[122],"whose":[123],"margin":[125,140],"conventionally":[128],"insulated":[129],"about":[132],"0.024":[133],"at":[134],"while":[137],"current-density":[139],"still":[142],"1.27.":[143],"Computed":[144],"ceilings":[145],"are":[146,170],"compared":[147],"LHC":[150],"dipoles,":[151],"ITER":[153],"coils,":[154],"NHMFL":[156],"32":[157],"all-superconducting":[159],"28.2":[163],"commercial":[165],"NMR":[166],"magnet.":[167],"All":[168],"numbers":[169],"produced":[171],"accompanying":[174],"script":[175],"stated":[178],"data.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
