{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225756725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13111330","title":"A Proof-of-Concept CFD Study of Intranasal Airflow Under Different Breathing Routes and Airway Collapse Conditions","display_name":"A Proof-of-Concept CFD Study of Intranasal Airflow Under Different Breathing Routes and Airway Collapse Conditions","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225756725","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13111330"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bioengineering13111330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13111330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13111330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179121","display_name":"Bioengineering","issn_l":"2306-5354","issn":["2306-5354"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13111330","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005069053","display_name":"Runxin Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0152-5928","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0152-5928"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123506","display_name":"Jiangsu Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/035hazd92","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123506"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runxin Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Institute of Metrology, Nanjing 210049, China","School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Institute of Metrology, Nanjing 210049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161383208","display_name":"Jiarui Mao","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiarui Mao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100435686","display_name":"Qiang Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7482-2408","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7482-2408","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-9579-047X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7482-2408","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109782934","display_name":"Geman Yin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123506","display_name":"Jiangsu Institute of Metrology","ror":"https://ror.org/035hazd92","country_code":"CN","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123506"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geman Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Institute of Metrology, Nanjing 210049, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Institute of Metrology, Nanjing 210049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104250267","display_name":"Yawen Shi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152119","display_name":"Jiangsu Province Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04py1g812","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yawen Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152119","https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161398171","display_name":"Min Yin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210152119","display_name":"Jiangsu Province Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04py1g812","country_code":"CN","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210152119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210152119","https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023479665","display_name":"Jiaqiu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7710-3508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7710-3508"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28257850","display_name":"London South Bank University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vwnat91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28257850"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiaqiu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Digital Technologies, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7710-3508","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Digital Technologies, London South Bank University, London SE1 0AA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28257850"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5023479665","https://openalex.org/A5161398171"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28257850","https://openalex.org/I4210152119","https://openalex.org/I83519826"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"1330","last_page":"1330"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10234","display_name":"Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research","score":0.9419000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11812","display_name":"Nasal Surgery and Airway Studies","score":0.053300000727176666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10830","display_name":"Airway Management and Intubation Techniques","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2703","display_name":"Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116067010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4698686","display_name":"Airflow","level":2,"score":0.7648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105922876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423981","display_name":"Airway","level":2,"score":0.7028999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114088122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1261069","display_name":"Pressure drop","level":2,"score":0.6786999702453613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6176999807357788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778801703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156104","display_name":"Nasal cavity","level":2,"score":0.5895000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39300077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9530","display_name":"Breathing","level":2,"score":0.5105999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13393347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8424","display_name":"Aerodynamics","level":2,"score":0.48420000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42219234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131130","display_name":"Anesthesia","level":1,"score":0.4471000134944916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1633027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815820","display_name":"Computational fluid dynamics","level":2,"score":0.4392000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85663871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6966562","display_name":"Nasal administration","level":2,"score":0.39910000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778311950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7363","display_name":"Nose","level":2,"score":0.3986000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781326671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754424","display_name":"Apnea","level":2,"score":0.39089998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776006263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16606552","display_name":"Obstructive sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.3847000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57879066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41217","display_name":"Mechanics","level":1,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33362165","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q754455","display_name":"Airway resistance","level":3,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909408758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11216176","display_name":"Turbinates","level":3,"score":0.33649998903274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534529494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7891","display_name":"Respiratory system","level":2,"score":0.3140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5308388","display_name":"Drop (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200457457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584049","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779547634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165502","display_name":"Continuous positive airway pressure","level":3,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777935920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213600","display_name":"Sleep apnea","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136229726","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327092","display_name":"Biomedical engineering","level":1,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780474809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9637","display_name":"Larynx","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/bioengineering13111330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13111330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13111330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179121","display_name":"Bioengineering","issn_l":"2306-5354","issn":["2306-5354"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/bioengineering13111330","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13111330","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering13111330","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179121","display_name":"Bioengineering","issn_l":"2306-5354","issn":["2306-5354"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Bioengineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2014273978","https://openalex.org/W2035852265","https://openalex.org/W2090238365","https://openalex.org/W2148595252","https://openalex.org/W2150315815","https://openalex.org/W2326705553","https://openalex.org/W2483520518","https://openalex.org/W2594776021","https://openalex.org/W2943027126","https://openalex.org/W2946132447","https://openalex.org/W2959442417","https://openalex.org/W2990552326","https://openalex.org/W3011957380","https://openalex.org/W3015456997","https://openalex.org/W3034745453","https://openalex.org/W3111480002","https://openalex.org/W3149936376","https://openalex.org/W3159992583","https://openalex.org/W3174563623","https://openalex.org/W3216112125","https://openalex.org/W4283065903","https://openalex.org/W4289517137","https://openalex.org/W4297458946","https://openalex.org/W4310039727","https://openalex.org/W4313895349","https://openalex.org/W4390690698","https://openalex.org/W4392241520","https://openalex.org/W4394961029","https://openalex.org/W4394990236","https://openalex.org/W4399098839","https://openalex.org/W4403097157","https://openalex.org/W4406472490","https://openalex.org/W4409241296","https://openalex.org/W4410295042","https://openalex.org/W4411869207"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Obstructive":[0],"sleep":[1],"apnea":[2],"(OSA)":[3],"is":[4],"closely":[5],"associated":[6],"with":[7,22,109],"nasal":[8,45,70,78,88,104,132,157,170],"obstruction,":[9],"breathing":[10,19,48,81,96,126],"route,":[11],"and":[12,46,51,61,72,87,134,159,178,194,221,229],"upper-airway":[13,54,187],"collapsibility,":[14],"yet":[15],"how":[16],"changes":[17],"in":[18],"route":[20],"interact":[21],"airway":[23,93,179],"collapse":[24,146,180],"to":[25,43,79],"redistribute":[26,192],"aerodynamic":[27,151,188,219],"loading":[28],"remains":[29],"incompletely":[30],"understood.":[31],"This":[32],"proof-of-concept":[33],"study":[34],"developed":[35],"a":[36,148,204,223],"patient-specific":[37,206,228],"computational":[38],"fluid":[39],"dynamics":[40],"(CFD)":[41],"framework":[42,211],"compare":[44],"oronasal":[47,80,125],"under":[49,91],"baseline":[50],"simulated":[52],"collapsed":[53],"conditions.":[55,94],"Airflow":[56],"velocity,":[57],"regional":[58],"pressure":[59,89,120,128,139,163,195],"drop,":[60],"wall":[62],"shear":[63],"stress":[64],"(WSS)":[65],"were":[66],"evaluated":[67],"across":[68,113,130,165],"the":[69,98,103,119,131,142,162,166,208,213],"cavity":[71,105,133],"downstream":[73],"pharyngeal":[74],"regions.":[75,116,200],"Switching":[76],"from":[77],"consistently":[82],"reduced":[83,97,127],"intranasal":[84],"airflow":[85,193],"velocity":[86,158],"drop":[90,140,164],"both":[92],"Oronasal":[95],"cycle-maximum":[99],"local":[100],"WSS":[101],"within":[102],"by":[106],"approximately":[107],"42\u201345%,":[108],"reductions":[110],"exceeding":[111],"50%":[112],"most":[114,153],"turbinate":[115],"In":[117],"contrast,":[118],"response":[121],"was":[122],"strongly":[123],"region-dependent:":[124],"loss":[129],"uvular":[135,167],"region":[136,168],"but":[137],"increased":[138],"at":[141],"tongue":[143],"root.":[144],"Airway":[145],"produced":[147],"more":[149],"localized":[150],"response,":[152],"notably":[154],"increasing":[155,161],"posterior":[156],"markedly":[160],"during":[169],"breathing.":[171],"These":[172],"findings":[173],"indicate":[174],"that":[175],"breathing-route":[176],"alteration":[177],"do":[181],"not":[182],"uniformly":[183],"increase":[184],"or":[185],"decrease":[186],"loading;":[189],"instead,":[190],"they":[191],"losses":[196],"among":[197],"different":[198],"anatomical":[199],"Although":[201],"based":[202],"on":[203],"single":[205],"model,":[207],"proposed":[209],"CFD":[210],"demonstrates":[212],"feasibility":[214],"of":[215,232],"quantifying":[216],"breathing-route-dependent":[217],"nose\u2013pharynx":[218],"interactions":[220],"provides":[222],"methodological":[224],"basis":[225],"for":[226],"future":[227],"cohort-based":[230],"investigations":[231],"OSA.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
