{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225756621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77898-4","title":"PWTSI-Net: a progressive wavelet-refined and transformer-enhanced semantic interaction framework for infrared and visible image fusion","display_name":"PWTSI-Net: a progressive wavelet-refined and transformer-enhanced semantic interaction framework for infrared and visible image fusion","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225756621","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77898-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77898-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77898-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77898-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77898-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136686770","display_name":"Basamsetty Kalyani Priya","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262028","display_name":"Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00zkg1t31","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262028"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Basamsetty Kalyani Priya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262028"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025123712","display_name":"Gunnam Suryanarayana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6160-1067","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6160-1067"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405262028","display_name":"Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00zkg1t31","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405262028"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gunnam Suryanarayana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Siddhartha Academy of Higher Education, Deemed to be University, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262028"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025123712"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405262028"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11659","display_name":"Advanced Image Fusion Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11019","display_name":"Image Enhancement Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11714","display_name":"Multimodal Machine Learning Applications","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7806000113487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.701200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6453999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5874999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5113999843597412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4772000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47432892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q831390","display_name":"Wavelet","level":2,"score":0.4740000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.4560999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69744172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860822","display_name":"Image fusion","level":3,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158525013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2593739","display_name":"Fusion","level":2,"score":0.435699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4171999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781122975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16928266","display_name":"Semantic feature","level":2,"score":0.4032000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196216189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2867","display_name":"Wavelet transform","level":3,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.35190001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158355884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11388","display_name":"Infrared","level":2,"score":0.3181000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778971668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5510284","display_name":"Fusion rules","level":4,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77898-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77898-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77898-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-77898-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77898-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-77898-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Infrared":[0],"(IR)":[1],"and":[2,12,34,51,68,78,98,124,161,180,187,194],"visible":[3],"(VIS)":[4],"image":[5,70],"fusion":[6,39,140],"focuses":[7],"on":[8],"merging":[9],"complementary":[10],"thermal":[11,26,176],"structural":[13,35,178],"information":[14,182],"into":[15],"a":[16,63,83,88,136],"single":[17],"informative":[18],"fused":[19,90,189],"image.":[20],"IR":[21,67],"images":[22,30,190],"effectively":[23,174],"highlight":[24],"salient":[25],"targets,":[27,177],"whereas":[28],"VIS":[29,69],"preserve":[31],"abundant":[32],"texture":[33,181],"information.":[36],"However,":[37],"existing":[38],"methods":[40],"often":[41],"suffer":[42],"from":[43,94],"insufficient":[44],"frequency":[45],"representation,":[46],"loss":[47],"of":[48,113],"fine":[49],"details,":[50,179],"limited":[52],"semantic":[53,147,152,195],"understanding.":[54],"To":[55],"address":[56],"these":[57],"challenges,":[58],"this":[59],"paper":[60],"proposes":[61],"PWTSI-Net,":[62],"novel":[64],"framework":[65,73],"for":[66,120,131],"fusion.":[71],"The":[72,110],"integrates":[74],"frequency-aware":[75],"feature":[76,122,127,133,156,164],"enhancement":[77,117,123],"semantic-guided":[79],"contextual":[80],"refinement":[81,107,128],"within":[82],"unified":[84],"encoder\u2013decoder":[85],"architecture.":[86],"Initially,":[87],"coarse":[89],"representation":[91,148],"is":[92,143],"generated":[93],"the":[95,102],"source":[96],"modalities":[97],"progressively":[99],"refined":[100],"using":[101],"proposed":[103],"adaptive":[104,115,132],"wavelet":[105,116],"attention":[106],"block":[108,118,129],"(AWARB).":[109],"AWARB":[111],"consists":[112],"an":[114,125],"(AWEB)":[119],"multi-frequency":[121],"attention-guided":[126],"(AGFRB)":[130],"recalibration.":[134],"Furthermore,":[135],"context":[137],"aware":[138],"transformer":[139],"module":[141],"(CATFM)":[142],"introduced":[144],"to":[145],"enhance":[146],"by":[149],"incorporating":[150],"segmentation-guided":[151],"priors,":[153],"modelling":[154],"long-range":[155],"dependencies":[157],"through":[158],"transformer-based":[159],"attention,":[160],"adaptively":[162],"regulating":[163],"interactions":[165],"via":[166],"gating":[167],"mechanisms.":[168],"Experimental":[169],"results":[170],"demonstrate":[171],"that":[172],"PWTSI-Net":[173],"preserves":[175],"while":[183],"producing":[184],"visually":[185],"consistent":[186],"information-rich":[188],"with":[191],"improved":[192],"contrast":[193],"consistency.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
