{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225756520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11473007/v1","title":"Inflammatory biomarkers and prevalent coronary atherosclerosis among Ugandan adults with and without HIV","display_name":"Inflammatory biomarkers and prevalent coronary atherosclerosis among Ugandan adults with and without HIV","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225756520","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11473007/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11473007/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11473007/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11473007/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11473007/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11473007/latest.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045428794","display_name":"Richard Migisha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-9521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1709-9521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Migisha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051110510","display_name":"Pauline Byakika\u2010Kibwika","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-1968","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-1968"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pauline Byakika-Kibwika","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067633926","display_name":"Peter Kangwagye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7440-4724","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7440-4724"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter Kangwagye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5118975848","display_name":"Abraham Muhwezi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9757-0978","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9757-0978"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abraham Muhwezi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017328019","display_name":"Geoffrey Erem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-5219","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1667-5219"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey Erem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Makerere University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Makerere University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110535574","display_name":"Christopher T. Longenecker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0179","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9468-0179"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christopher T. Longenecker","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073706409","display_name":"Brian Burns Ghoshhajra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-3432","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3865-3432"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Ghoshhajra","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021214107","display_name":"Prossy Bibangambah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-5775","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7984-5775"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prossy Bibangambah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090738810","display_name":"Rita Nassanga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7699-2155","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7699-2155"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72227227","display_name":"Makerere University","ror":"https://ror.org/03dmz0111","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rita Nassanga","raw_affiliation_strings":["Makerere University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Makerere University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72227227"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022266272","display_name":"Godfrey Masette","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1238-0659","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1238-0659"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Godfrey Masette","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093806440","display_name":"Flavia Atwiine","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Flavia Atwiine","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054132044","display_name":"Edna Tindimwebwa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-2818","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4255-2818"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edna Tindimwebwa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kabwohe Clinical Research Center"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kabwohe Clinical Research Center","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076640804","display_name":"Rebecca F. Gilbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-4626","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-4626"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca F. Gilbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070005503","display_name":"Zahra Reynolds","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0668-6798","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0668-6798"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Reynolds","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102640650","display_name":"Mangun Randhawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-8717","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2629-8717"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mangun Randhawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036069683","display_name":"Vikas Thondapu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-2632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3291-2632"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32971472","display_name":"Yale University","ror":"https://ror.org/03v76x132","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vikas Thondapu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yale University School of Medicine"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yale University School of Medicine","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32971472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002567647","display_name":"Angelo K. Takigami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2605-1362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2605-1362"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelo Takigami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087213892","display_name":"Eliza J. Passell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3198-6071","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3198-6071"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eliza Passell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020248657","display_name":"Moses Acan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moses Acan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041597120","display_name":"Andrew Ochieng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801784893","display_name":"Nsambya Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/0331bk778","country_code":"UG","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801784893"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Ochieng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nsambya Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nsambya Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801784893"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006871053","display_name":"Samson Okello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7377-6094","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7377-6094"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114027177","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","ror":"https://ror.org/0130frc33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samson Okello","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114027177"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103093334","display_name":"Stephen B. Asiimwe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3705-5163","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3705-5163"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141930137","display_name":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01bkn5154","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Asiimwe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mbarara University of Science and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mbarara University of Science and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141930137"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003051495","display_name":"Mark Jacob Siedner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3506-842X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3506-842X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark J. Siedner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11655","display_name":"HIV-related health complications and treatments","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11655","display_name":"HIV-related health complications and treatments","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12955","display_name":"Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10394","display_name":"Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8834999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778213512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Coronary artery disease","level":2,"score":0.73089998960495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.6833000183105469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.6545000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6431000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991716557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12252367","display_name":"Coronary atherosclerosis","level":3,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.5102999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779898580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934593","display_name":"Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study","level":5,"score":0.4375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776252253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7663815","display_name":"Systemic inflammation","level":3,"score":0.40939998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.4058000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.4034999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.3952000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.3824000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.37299999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422766","display_name":"C-reactive protein","level":3,"score":0.3675999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909478654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844935","display_name":"Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease","level":3,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156957248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1862216","display_name":"Odds ratio","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779244956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184204","display_name":"Macrophage","level":3,"score":0.2892000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5629407","display_name":"Agatston score","level":4,"score":0.2874000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019004856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42297149","display_name":"Coronary angiography","level":3,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777698277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q266018","display_name":"Acute coronary syndrome","level":3,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11988809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q412889","display_name":"Interleukin 6","level":3,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020196126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammatory response","level":3,"score":0.2529999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11783203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5478027","display_name":"Framingham Risk Score","level":3,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11473007/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11473007/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11473007/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11473007/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11473007/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11473007/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11473007/v1","pdf_url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-11473007/latest.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225756520.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225756520.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1812416290","https://openalex.org/W2029164569","https://openalex.org/W2090707184","https://openalex.org/W2110065044","https://openalex.org/W2275204317","https://openalex.org/W2408593712","https://openalex.org/W2748400555","https://openalex.org/W2775358698","https://openalex.org/W2888682398","https://openalex.org/W2899736836","https://openalex.org/W2904027405","https://openalex.org/W2945129204","https://openalex.org/W2972924145","https://openalex.org/W2994910802","https://openalex.org/W3025713364","https://openalex.org/W3049666590","https://openalex.org/W3118430413","https://openalex.org/W3155314412","https://openalex.org/W4205279881","https://openalex.org/W4239192793","https://openalex.org/W4308017658","https://openalex.org/W4313205849","https://openalex.org/W4318929560","https://openalex.org/W4382918883","https://openalex.org/W4386045815","https://openalex.org/W4389334765","https://openalex.org/W4390610968","https://openalex.org/W4394759599","https://openalex.org/W4396539986","https://openalex.org/W4398250276","https://openalex.org/W4400232562","https://openalex.org/W4404242781","https://openalex.org/W4406070158","https://openalex.org/W4408346271"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Chronic":[2],"inflammation":[3,98],"is":[4],"implicated":[5],"in":[6,55,66,70,200,247,287],"coronary":[7,30,78,84],"atherosclerosis,":[8],"particularly":[9],"among":[10,48,275],"people":[11],"with":[12,51,185,198,255],"HIV,":[13,160],"who":[14],"may":[15],"experience":[16],"persistent":[17],"immune":[18],"activation":[19,93],"despite":[20],"antiretroviral":[21],"therapy.":[22],"However,":[23],"most":[24],"evidence":[25],"linking":[26],"inflammatory":[27,44,111,180,250],"biomarkers":[28,45,137,251],"to":[29,125,229],"artery":[31,79],"disease":[32,144],"(CAD)":[33],"comes":[34],"from":[35,114],"populations":[36],"outside":[37],"sub-Saharan":[38],"Africa.":[39],"We":[40,59,118],"assessed":[41,76,134],"associations":[42,254],"between":[43],"and":[46,52,82,109,129,161,176,190,257,278],"CAD":[47,74,186,199,256],"older":[49,245,276],"adults":[50,61,246],"without":[53],"HIV":[54,225],"southwestern":[56,72],"Uganda.":[57,73],"Methods":[58],"analyzed":[60],"aged":[62],"\u2265":[63],"40":[64],"years":[65],"a":[67],"community-based":[68],"cohort":[69,243],"rural":[71,248],"was":[75,154,195,221],"using":[77],"calcium":[80],"scanning":[81],"contrast-enhanced":[83],"computed":[85],"tomography":[86],"angiography.":[87],"Biomarkers":[88],"included":[89],"indicators":[90],"of":[91,244,284],"macrophage":[92],"(sCD163),":[94],"hypercoagulability":[95],"(D-dimer),":[96],"systemic":[97],"(C-reactive":[99],"protein),":[100],"gut":[101],"epithelial":[102],"integrity":[103],"(fatty":[104],"acid":[105],"binding":[106],"protein":[107,174],"2),":[108],"hematologic":[110],"indices":[112],"derived":[113],"complete":[115,177],"blood":[116,178],"counts.":[117],"fitted":[119],"Firth":[120],"penalized":[121],"logistic":[122],"regression":[123],"models":[124],"estimate":[126],"crude,":[127],"HIV-stratified,":[128],"multivariable-adjusted":[130],"associations.":[131],"Receiver-operating-characteristic":[132],"analyses":[133],"whether":[135],"select":[136],"improved":[138],"discrimination":[139,237,261],"beyond":[140,262],"the":[141,201,230,282],"atherosclerotic":[142],"cardiovascular":[143,272],"(ASCVD)":[145],"risk":[146,232,264,273,286],"score.":[147],"Results":[148],"Among":[149],"585":[150],"participants,":[151],"mean":[152],"age":[153],"57.7":[155],"years,":[156],"287":[157],"(49.1%)":[158],"had":[159,164],"45":[162],"(7.7%)":[163],"CAD.":[165,239],"Most":[166],"biomarkers,":[167],"including":[168],"C-reactive":[169],"protein,":[170],"D-dimer,":[171],"fatty":[172],"acid\u2013binding":[173],"2,":[175],"count\u2013derived":[179],"indices,":[181],"were":[182],"not":[183,222,235,259],"associated":[184,197],"after":[187],"multivariable":[188],"adjustment":[189],"false-discovery-rate":[191],"correction.":[192],"Higher":[193],"sCD163":[194,228],"inversely":[196],"adjusted":[202],"overall":[203],"model":[204],"(odds":[205],"ratio":[206],"per":[207],"1-standard-deviation":[208],"increase,":[209],"0.63;":[210],"95%":[211],"confidence":[212],"interval,":[213],"0.47\u20130.87;":[214],"q":[215],"=":[216],"0.048),":[217],"but":[218],"this":[219,242,288],"finding":[220],"consistent":[223],"across":[224],"strata.":[226],"Adding":[227],"ASCVD":[231],"score":[233],"did":[234,258],"improve":[236,260],"for":[238],"Conclusions":[240],"In":[241],"Uganda,":[249],"showed":[252],"limited":[253],"conventional":[263],"assessment.":[265],"These":[266],"findings":[267],"support":[268],"emphasis":[269],"on":[270],"established":[271],"assessment":[274],"Ugandans,":[277],"further":[279],"investigation":[280],"into":[281],"pathogenesis":[283],"CVD":[285],"population.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
