{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225756077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-026-00764-4","title":"Influence of cross-modal load on cognitive processing and decision-making","display_name":"Influence of cross-modal load on cognitive processing and decision-making","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225756077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-026-00764-4"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41235-026-00764-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-026-00764-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-026-00764-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035657644","display_name":"Cognitive Research Principles and Implications","issn_l":"2365-7464","issn":["2365-7464"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-026-00764-4","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101790454","display_name":"Elizabeth L. Fox","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9751-3704","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9751-3704"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482690","display_name":"Wright Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03jvtcb24","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4388482690","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elizabeth L. Fox","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9751-3704","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4388482690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083059981","display_name":"Ashley D. Cook","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799950915","display_name":"Wright-Patterson Air Force Base","ror":"https://ror.org/0097e1k27","country_code":"US","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4210089612","https://openalex.org/I4210102105"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482690","display_name":"Wright Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03jvtcb24","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4388482690","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashley D. Cook","raw_affiliation_strings":["United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4388482690"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035262843","display_name":"Gregory Bowers","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-5279","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6587-5279"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Bowers","raw_affiliation_strings":["BAE Systems, Inc., Space & Mission Systems, Boulder, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BAE Systems, Inc., Space & Mission Systems, Boulder, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047986311","display_name":"Zachary L Howard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-5760","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1542-5760"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zachary L. Howard","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071257904","display_name":"Joachim Vandekerckhove","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2600-5937","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2600-5937"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204250578","display_name":"University of California, Irvine","ror":"https://ror.org/04gyf1771","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joachim Vandekerckhove","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Irvine, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Irvine, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204250578"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101790454"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I2799950915","https://openalex.org/I4388482690"],"apc_list":{"value":1990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1990},"apc_paid":{"value":1990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.6845999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.6845999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12032","display_name":"Multisensory perception and integration","score":0.11379999667406082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.09640000015497208,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.7024000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.6367999911308289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.6047000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87868495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750843","display_name":"Information processing","level":2,"score":0.5702999830245972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5626999735832214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.49639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49309998750686646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.48510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.48100000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.46230000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20854674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4386060","display_name":"Cognitive architecture","level":3,"score":0.46070000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150420422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5141238","display_name":"Cognitive resource theory","level":3,"score":0.44339999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107418235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1520565","display_name":"Human multitasking","level":2,"score":0.43799999356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101068787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q475042","display_name":"Experimental psychology","level":3,"score":0.38519999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.36239999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102366305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1097688","display_name":"Nonparametric statistics","level":2,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3357999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776378700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3030775","display_name":"Distraction","level":2,"score":0.33340001106262207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775941552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25212305","display_name":"Isolation (microbiology)","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194995250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q531136","display_name":"Affordance","level":2,"score":0.30469998717308044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126139899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4818236","display_name":"Attentional control","level":3,"score":0.29660001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91306197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45767","display_name":"Competition (biology)","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178253425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162668","display_name":"Visual perception","level":3,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.29159998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158495155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369151","display_name":"Visual search","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188255311","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256388","display_name":"Psychological research","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139140526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034614","display_name":"Job design","level":4,"score":0.26820001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49790547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q943817","display_name":"Levels-of-processing effect","level":3,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83056255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2910843","display_name":"Information processing theory","level":3,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119653847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1327780","display_name":"Elementary cognitive task","level":3,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778251979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936617","display_name":"Visual processing","level":3,"score":0.2549000084400177}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41235-026-00764-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-026-00764-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-026-00764-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035657644","display_name":"Cognitive Research Principles and Implications","issn_l":"2365-7464","issn":["2365-7464"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41235-026-00764-4","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-026-00764-4","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41235-026-00764-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3035657644","display_name":"Cognitive Research Principles and Implications","issn_l":"2365-7464","issn":["2365-7464"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Research: Principles and Implications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Thoughtful":[1],"design":[2],"of":[3,64,117,137],"multitask":[4],"scenarios":[5],"alleviates":[6],"some":[7],"competition":[8],"for":[9,113],"limited":[10],"attentional":[11],"resources.":[12],"However,":[13],"tasks":[14,79],"that":[15,128],"demand":[16],"separate":[17],"perceptual":[18],"resources":[19,149],"may":[20],"still":[21],"result":[22],"in":[23,43,77,85,98,107,120],"processing":[24,118],"overload.":[25],"In":[26],"this":[27],"experiment,":[28],"participants":[29],"completed":[30],"a":[31,48,61,96],"visual":[32],"search":[33],"task":[34,38,89,109],"and":[35,51,66,82],"auditory":[36],"N-back":[37],"(absent,":[39],"1,":[40],"2,":[41],"3)":[42],"isolation":[44],"or":[45],"together":[46],"via":[47],"within-subjects,":[49],"randomized,":[50],"factorial":[52],"paradigm.":[53],"We":[54],"assessed":[55],"cross-modal":[56,102],"influence":[57],"using":[58],"summary":[59],"statistics,":[60],"nonparametric":[62],"metric":[63],"efficiency,":[65],"complementary":[67],"evidence":[68],"accumulation":[69],"models.":[70],"As":[71],"predicted,":[72],"we":[73],"found":[74],"dual-task":[75,129],"deficits":[76],"both":[78],"when":[80],"paired,":[81],"further":[83],"declines":[84],"performance":[86],"with":[87],"increased":[88],"load.":[90],"Further,":[91],"our":[92,125],"modeling":[93],"results":[94,126],"indicated":[95],"reconfiguration":[97],"decision-making":[99,145],"architecture":[100],"as":[101],"load":[103],"increased\u2014lower":[104],"response":[105],"caution":[106],"one":[108],"(thresholds)":[110],"to":[111],"compensate":[112],"the":[114,135],"unavoidable":[115],"degradation":[116],"quality":[119],"another":[121],"(drift":[122],"rates).":[123],"Overall,":[124],"suggest":[127],"capacity":[130],"limits":[131],"not":[132],"only":[133],"govern":[134],"amount":[136],"information":[138],"humans":[139],"can":[140],"process,":[141],"but":[142],"impose":[143],"(in)stable":[144],"strategies":[146],"across":[147],"competing":[148],"streams.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}