{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225755530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.3","title":"A context-aware GraphSAGE\u2013Transformer model for LED-based indoor positioning in narrow corridors","display_name":"A context-aware GraphSAGE\u2013Transformer model for LED-based indoor positioning in narrow corridors","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225755530","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32985/ijeces.17.10.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188727","display_name":"International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems","issn_l":"1847-6996","issn":["1847-6996","1847-7003"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.3","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017639225","display_name":"Huy Quang Tran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0443-3180","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0443-3180"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3020192730","display_name":"Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110H Nguy\u1ec5n T\u1ea5t Th\u00e0nh","ror":"https://ror.org/04r9s1v23","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3020192730"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huy Q. Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Robotics and Mechatronics Lab, Faculty of Engineering and Technology"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Robotics and Mechatronics Lab, Faculty of Engineering and Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3020192730"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064967473","display_name":"Cheolkeun Ha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-0848","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2454-0848"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40542001","display_name":"University of Ulsan","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2f8975","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheolkeun Ha","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Ulsan, Robotics and Mechatronics Lab"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Ulsan, Robotics and Mechatronics Lab","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40542001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"10","first_page":"799","last_page":"807"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.7231000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.7231000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.27639999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10191","display_name":"Robotics and Sensor-Based Localization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7195000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6288999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161218011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath propagation","level":3,"score":0.5972999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.5062999725341797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118505674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42586063","display_name":"Encoder","level":2,"score":0.4950999915599823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.47929999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.46369999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.40149998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.3569999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176808163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17105794","display_name":"Signal strength","level":3,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.313400000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1195672","display_name":"Received signal strength indication","level":3,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66322947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11658","display_name":"Transformer","level":3,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174749922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11827794","display_name":"Multipath interference","level":4,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780719617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1030752","display_name":"Salient","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70136482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13583781","display_name":"A-weighting","level":3,"score":0.2572999894618988}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32985/ijeces.17.10.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188727","display_name":"International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems","issn_l":"1847-6996","issn":["1847-6996","1847-7003"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32985/ijeces.17.10.3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188727","display_name":"International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems","issn_l":"1847-6996","issn":["1847-6996","1847-7003"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2042706896","https://openalex.org/W2785870247","https://openalex.org/W2787177993","https://openalex.org/W2901563609","https://openalex.org/W2930104067","https://openalex.org/W2948370178","https://openalex.org/W2975910754","https://openalex.org/W3122038995","https://openalex.org/W3128707585","https://openalex.org/W3141622885","https://openalex.org/W3208085814","https://openalex.org/W4220676370","https://openalex.org/W4225242773","https://openalex.org/W4386634169","https://openalex.org/W4392397397","https://openalex.org/W4403021858","https://openalex.org/W4407937580","https://openalex.org/W7140228760"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Indoor":[0],"localization":[1,22],"in":[2,24,116,120,197],"confined":[3],"spaces":[4],"such":[5,181],"as":[6,182],"hallways":[7,29,125],"presents":[8],"significant":[9],"challenges":[10],"due":[11],"to":[12,53,68,82,107,134,150,158],"limited":[13],"direct":[14],"signal":[15,57,113],"access":[16],"and":[17,26,75,96,123,154,185],"increased":[18],"multipath":[19,76],"reflections.":[20],"Improving":[21],"accuracy":[23,175],"narrow":[25,121],"irregularly":[27],"shaped":[28],"is":[30,51,79],"quite":[31],"difficult.":[32],"This":[33],"paper":[34],"proposes":[35],"a":[36,91,136],"novel":[37],"context-aware":[38],"GraphSAGE\u2013Transformer":[39],"model":[40,66,83,169,196],"for":[41],"indoor":[42,203],"visible":[43],"light":[44],"localization.":[45],"A":[46],"context-based":[47],"feature":[48],"weighting":[49],"mechanism":[50],"designed":[52],"learn":[54],"global":[55,97],"received":[56,112],"strength":[58,114],"reliability":[59],"patterns":[60],"across":[61],"multiple":[62],"LEDs.":[63],"Simultaneously,":[64],"the":[65,104,130,145,168,191,194,199],"attempts":[67],"eliminate":[69],"unreliable":[70],"measurements":[71],"caused":[72],"by":[73,147,155],"noise":[74],"effects.":[77],"GraphSAGE":[78,160],"then":[80],"employed":[81],"local":[84],"spatial":[85],"correlations":[86],"among":[87],"neighboring":[88],"LEDs,":[89],"while":[90],"Transformer":[92,152],"encoder":[93],"captures":[94],"long-range":[95],"dependencies":[98],"through":[99],"self-attention.":[100],"Additionally,":[101],"we":[102],"utilize":[103],"Huber":[105],"loss":[106],"enhance":[108],"robustness":[109],"against":[110],"severe":[111],"outliers":[115],"non-line-of-sight":[117],"environments.":[118,205],"Applied":[119],"L-shaped":[122],"T-shaped":[124],"with":[126],"minimal":[127],"lighting":[128],"infrastructure,":[129],"proposed":[131,195],"method":[132],"helps":[133],"achieve":[135],"root":[137],"mean":[138],"squared":[139],"error":[140,146],"of":[141,193,202],"0.2":[142],"meters,":[143],"reducing":[144],"55%":[148],"compared":[149,157],"using":[151,159],"alone":[153],"44%":[156],"alone.":[161],"Furthermore,":[162],"experimental":[163],"results":[164,189],"also":[165],"demonstrate":[166],"that":[167],"achieves":[170],"approximately":[171],"3":[172],"times":[173],"better":[174],"than":[176],"traditional":[177],"machine":[178],"learning":[179],"models,":[180],"Random":[183],"Forests":[184],"k-Nearest":[186],"Neighbors.":[187],"These":[188],"confirm":[190],"effectiveness":[192],"overcoming":[198],"inherent":[200],"limitations":[201],"hallway":[204]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}