{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225755276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59256/ijsreat.20260606017","title":"Planet Compute: A Verifiable AI Grid from Idle Browsers and Desktops Design, Early Measurements, and a Million-Device Simulation","display_name":"Planet Compute: A Verifiable AI Grid from Idle Browsers and Desktops Design, Early Measurements, and a Million-Device Simulation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225755276","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59256/ijsreat.20260606017"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.59256/ijsreat.20260606017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59256/ijsreat.20260606017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59256/ijsreat.20260606017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291870","display_name":"International Journal Of Scientific Research In Engineering & Technology","issn_l":"2583-1240","issn":["2583-1240"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130308739","display_name":"Patil Milind k","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Patil Milind K","raw_affiliation_strings":["Syncaissa Systems Inc, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Syncaissa Systems Inc, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5130308739"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"111","last_page":"111"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.3662000000476837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.3662000000476837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10715","display_name":"Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems","score":0.35109999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.03310000151395798,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7372000217437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120524526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1709148","display_name":"Reboot","level":2,"score":0.47519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4661000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71901391","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7126699","display_name":"Upload","level":2,"score":0.4648999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701521","display_name":"Collusion","level":2,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15569618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3561421","display_name":"Liveness","level":2,"score":0.3921999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.39079999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.38960000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C544833334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2005","display_name":"JavaScript","level":2,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.34360000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55166926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2892946","display_name":"Oracle","level":2,"score":0.32670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780008327","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3962","display_name":"Laptop","level":2,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.32120001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779010991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2720909","display_name":"Artifact (error)","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.31940001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.31119999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778562939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1298791","display_name":"Synchronization (alternating current)","level":3,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3077999949455261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.2912999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16320812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1812200","display_name":"Idle","level":2,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70429105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249999","display_name":"Grid computing","level":3,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504723692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134471","display_name":"Ajax","level":3,"score":0.2621000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.59256/ijsreat.20260606017","doi":"https://doi.org/10.59256/ijsreat.20260606017","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.59256/ijsreat.20260606017","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387291870","display_name":"International Journal Of Scientific Research In Engineering & Technology","issn_l":"2583-1240","issn":["2583-1240"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Engineering & Technology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Planet":[0],"Compute":[1],"is":[2,20],"a":[3,40,47,69,160,173,206,222,226],"volunteer-computing":[4],"system":[5],"that":[6,71,136,191],"aims":[7],"to":[8,88],"serve":[9],"AI":[10],"inference":[11],"from":[12],"idle":[13],"browsers":[14],"and":[15,23,42,57,63,68,123,132,156,196,201,225],"desktops;":[16],"we":[17,134],"report":[18],"what":[19],"built,":[21],"measured":[22],"only":[24,101],"simulated.":[25],"Built:":[26],"one":[27,96],"job":[28],"format":[29],"(WorkPacks)":[30],"whose":[31],"integer":[32],"kernels":[33],"give":[34],"bit-identical":[35],"results":[36],"as":[37,43],"WebAssembly":[38],"in":[39,46,60,119,188,214],"browser":[41],"native":[44],"code":[45],"Tauri":[48],"2":[49],"desktop":[50],"program,":[51],"which":[52,81,172],"also":[53],"runs":[54],"whole":[55],"chat":[56],"image":[58],"prompts":[59],"sandboxed":[61],"llama.cpp":[62],"stable-diffusion.cpp":[64],"engines;":[65],"commit-then-random-audit":[66],"leases;":[67],"SherpaHub":[70],"cuts":[72],"matrix":[73],"multiplies":[74],"into":[75],"packs":[76,141,158,183],"checked":[77],"by":[78,108,144,159],"Freivalds\u2019":[79],"method,":[80],"finished":[82],"two":[83],"split":[84],"jobs":[85],"of":[86,103,128,168,238],"up":[87],"262,144":[89],"units":[90],"with":[91,210],"no":[92,218],"wrong":[93,182,219],"answer":[94,220],"on":[95,113],"operator":[97],"server,":[98],"though":[99],"at":[100,184,205,235],"1.5%":[102],"the":[104,120,129,150,154,164,203,215,230,236,243],"kernel\u2019s":[105],"speed,":[106],"limited":[107],"round":[109],"trips.":[110],"Measured":[111],"offline":[112],"three":[114,176],"NVIDIA":[115],"GPUs,":[116],"not":[117],"yet":[118,247],"program:":[121],"diffusion":[122],"LLM":[124],"audits":[125],"costing":[126],"3.3\u20138.9%":[127],"work.":[130],"Analysed":[131],"simulated:":[133],"show":[135,190],"over":[137],"home":[138],"links":[139],"such":[140],"are":[142],"bounded":[143],"upload":[145],"bandwidth,":[146],"argue":[147],"for":[148],"cutting":[149],"work":[151],"rather":[152],"than":[153],"model":[155],"size":[157],"square-root":[161],"law;":[162],"derive":[163],"exact":[165],"collusion":[166],"probability":[167],"quorum":[169],"validation,":[170],"under":[171],"naive":[174],"\u201cfirst":[175],"matching":[177],"answers\u201d":[178],"rule":[179],"accepts":[180],"5.8%":[181],"20%":[185],"colluders":[186],"(6.1%":[187],"simulation);":[189],"spare":[192],"replicas,":[193],"network-distinct":[194],"quorums":[195],"retroactive":[197],"invalidation":[198],"remove":[199],"them;":[200],"simulate":[202],"orchestrator":[204],"million":[207],"devices,":[208],"where,":[209],"2%":[211],"ordinary":[212],"cheaters,":[213],"final":[216],"designs":[217],"reached":[221],"consumer":[223],"uncorrected,":[224],"low-cost":[227],"design":[228],"cut":[229],"running":[231],"cost":[232],"about":[233],"elevenfold":[234],"price":[237],"latency.":[239],"No":[240],"volunteer":[241],"outside":[242],"operator\u2019s":[244],"servers":[245],"has":[246],"taken":[248],"part.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}