{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225755207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18223868","title":"Inventory-Constrained Monthly Mapping of China\u2019s Sectoral CO2 Emissions at 1 Km Using Earth Observation and Emission-Source Data","display_name":"Inventory-Constrained Monthly Mapping of China\u2019s Sectoral CO2 Emissions at 1 Km Using Earth Observation and Emission-Source Data","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225755207","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18223868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs18223868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18223868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18223868","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18223868","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101824042","display_name":"Ping Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7523-9460","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7523-9460"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ping Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing North-Star Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China","School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing North-Star Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161366747","display_name":"Peixiang Ren","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peixiang Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing North-Star Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing North-Star Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161384524","display_name":"Gaowei Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaowei Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing North-Star Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing North-Star Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing 100044, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081540523","display_name":"Jiangguang Tu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangguang Tu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035854233","display_name":"Zongyao Sha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9194-0257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9194-0257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zongyao Sha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9194-0257","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035854233"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"apc_paid":{"value":2700,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3258},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"22","first_page":"3868","last_page":"3868"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11588","display_name":"Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics","score":0.9878000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10438","display_name":"Energy, Environment, Economic Growth","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.7497000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146481406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105131","display_name":"Hotspot (geology)","level":2,"score":0.504800021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4936999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992384748","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817101","display_name":"Atmospheric research","level":2,"score":0.4065999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4009000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.391400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80368990","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046459","display_name":"Earth system science","level":2,"score":0.3427000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019268976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18537","display_name":"Biomass burning","level":3,"score":0.33219999074935913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32519999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39399123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1348989","display_name":"Earth observation","level":3,"score":0.3231000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47737302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167336","display_name":"Greenhouse gas","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.2750000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.26499998569488525}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs18223868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18223868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18223868","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/rs18223868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18223868","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs18223868","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S43295729","display_name":"Remote Sensing","issn_l":"2072-4292","issn":["2072-4292"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Remote Sensing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2111195126","https://openalex.org/W2152070787","https://openalex.org/W2738771715","https://openalex.org/W2770206078","https://openalex.org/W2993160144","https://openalex.org/W2998105467","https://openalex.org/W3026552332","https://openalex.org/W3032352082","https://openalex.org/W3035056877","https://openalex.org/W3156908587","https://openalex.org/W3209124950","https://openalex.org/W4210697208","https://openalex.org/W4244346666","https://openalex.org/W4392241584","https://openalex.org/W4399163941","https://openalex.org/W4399678178","https://openalex.org/W4399906401","https://openalex.org/W4400323251","https://openalex.org/W4402066757","https://openalex.org/W4402696680","https://openalex.org/W4403686621","https://openalex.org/W4405872098","https://openalex.org/W4410641706","https://openalex.org/W7117475864","https://openalex.org/W7165026194","https://openalex.org/W7212362686"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Kilometer-scale,":[0],"sector-specific":[1,43],"CO2":[2,17,66,72],"inventories":[3],"support":[4],"atmospheric":[5],"modeling":[6],"and":[7,24,39,48,91,135,162,177],"regional":[8],"mitigation.":[9],"We":[10],"developed":[11],"an":[12,75],"inventory-constrained":[13],"monthly":[14],"1":[15],"km":[16],"allocation":[18],"product":[19,52],"for":[20,30,84],"China":[21],"covering":[22],"2000\u20132024":[23],"six":[25],"sectors.":[26],"Prescribed":[27],"Emissions":[28],"Database":[29],"Global":[31,147],"Atmospheric":[32],"Research":[33],"(EDGAR)":[34],"sector-month":[35],"totals":[36,176],"were":[37,139],"conserved":[38],"spatially":[40],"redistributed":[41],"using":[42],"combinations":[44],"of":[45,77,101,133],"settlement,":[46],"infrastructure,":[47],"emission-source":[49],"data;":[50],"the":[51,102,108,112,136,146],"therefore":[53],"does":[54],"not":[55],"independently":[56],"estimate":[57],"aggregate":[58],"emissions.":[59],"Combined":[60],"emissions":[61],"increased":[62],"from":[63],"3612.7":[64],"Mt":[65,71],"in":[67,73,160,164],"2000":[68],"to":[69,171,181],"12,034.1":[70],"2024,":[74],"increase":[76],"233.1%.":[78],"Evaluation":[79],"against":[80],"separate":[81],"EDGAR":[82,104],"gridmaps":[83],"2024":[85],"assessed":[86],"cell-magnitude":[87],"agreement,":[88],"spatial":[89,178],"ranking,":[90],"top-10%":[92],"hotspot":[93],"overlap,":[94],"but":[95],"was":[96],"only":[97,128],"partially":[98],"independent":[99],"because":[100],"shared":[103],"lineage.":[105],"Buildings":[106],"showed":[107,152],"strongest":[109],"agreement":[110,156],"within":[111],"residential":[113],"benchmark":[114,142],"scope":[115],"(r":[116],"=":[117,120,123,158],"0.906,":[118],"\u03c1":[119],"0.831;":[121],"overlap":[122],"70.6%),":[124],"whereas":[125],"power":[126],"achieved":[127],"12.0%":[129],"positive-union":[130],"overlap.":[131],"Evaluations":[132],"transport":[134],"industrial":[137],"sectors":[138],"limited":[140],"by":[141],"compatibility.":[143],"Comparison":[144],"with":[145,173],"Emission":[148],"Modeling":[149],"System":[150],"(GEMS)":[151],"strong":[153],"common-scope":[154],"rank":[155],"(\u03c1":[157],"0.834":[159],"2012":[161],"0.823":[163],"2021).":[165],"The":[166],"framework":[167],"can":[168],"be":[169],"adapted":[170],"regions":[172],"compatible":[174],"emission":[175],"predictors,":[179],"subject":[180],"region-specific":[182],"evaluation.":[183]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}