{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225754430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14218/csp.2026.00018","title":"Host Immune Response Signatures for Early Breast Cancer Detection: Biological Rationale, Current Evidence, and Clinical Translation","display_name":"Host Immune Response Signatures for Early Breast Cancer Detection: Biological Rationale, Current Evidence, and Clinical Translation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225754430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14218/csp.2026.00018"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14218/csp.2026.00018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14218/csp.2026.00018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14218/csp.2026.00018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387285603","display_name":"Cancer Screening and Prevention","issn_l":"2835-3315","issn":["2835-3315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Screening and Prevention","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.14218/csp.2026.00018","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015150057","display_name":"Marcelo Antonini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-7428","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-7428"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcelo Antonini","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1996-7428","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028812536","display_name":"Andr\u00e9 P. L. Mattar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-623X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-623X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andr\u00e9 Mattar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5973-623X","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017432065","display_name":"Francisco Pimentel Cavalcante","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7156-2890","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7156-2890"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francisco Pimentel Cavalcante","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7156-2890","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011577677","display_name":"Felipe Zerwes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-727X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-727X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Zerwes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-727X","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010574106","display_name":"Fabr\u00edcio Palermo Brenelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-1423","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-1423"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabricio Palermo Brenelli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0589-1423","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015873684","display_name":"Ant\u00f4nio Luiz Frasson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-6898","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-6898"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Luis Frasson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-6898","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067005182","display_name":"Eduardo Camargo Millen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-6324","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-6324"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eduardo Camargo Millen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2113-6324","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10183","display_name":"Breast Cancer Treatment Studies","score":0.5659000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10183","display_name":"Breast Cancer Treatment Studies","score":0.5659000277519226,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10158","display_name":"Cancer Immunotherapy and Biomarkers","score":0.06449999660253525,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11287","display_name":"Cancer Genomics and Diagnostics","score":0.03370000049471855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6194000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.5350000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.529699981212616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8891405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Immune system","level":2,"score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.45329999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.4526999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.43220001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.4129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.3874000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129848803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2564360","display_name":"Sample size determination","level":2,"score":0.3625999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41091548","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26939","display_name":"Epigenetics","level":3,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152541439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5186693","display_name":"Critical appraisal","level":3,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3395000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777120189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q780067","display_name":"Triage","level":2,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162317418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252857","display_name":"Transcriptome","level":4,"score":0.33070001006126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3248000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994443828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059","display_name":"Host response","level":3,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95190672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815382","display_name":"Meta-analysis","level":2,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020000205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2412849","display_name":"Narrative review","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779880527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4959796","display_name":"Breast disease","level":4,"score":0.2623000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781197716","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864574","display_name":"Biomarker","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q474859","display_name":"Translational research","level":2,"score":0.25780001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427096","display_name":"Immunotherapy","level":3,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14218/csp.2026.00018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14218/csp.2026.00018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14218/csp.2026.00018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387285603","display_name":"Cancer Screening and Prevention","issn_l":"2835-3315","issn":["2835-3315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Screening and Prevention","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14218/csp.2026.00018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14218/csp.2026.00018","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14218/csp.2026.00018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387285603","display_name":"Cancer Screening and Prevention","issn_l":"2835-3315","issn":["2835-3315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cancer Screening and Prevention","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2045030989","https://openalex.org/W2078271269","https://openalex.org/W2084154134","https://openalex.org/W2107638293","https://openalex.org/W2128432722","https://openalex.org/W2150027485","https://openalex.org/W2162467118","https://openalex.org/W2773498353","https://openalex.org/W2891492537","https://openalex.org/W2907554860","https://openalex.org/W3136116824","https://openalex.org/W4210404726","https://openalex.org/W4231800260","https://openalex.org/W4303876188","https://openalex.org/W4313545463","https://openalex.org/W4318926335","https://openalex.org/W4367178831","https://openalex.org/W4393221085","https://openalex.org/W4394857110","https://openalex.org/W4402787197","https://openalex.org/W4407031677","https://openalex.org/W4408806526","https://openalex.org/W4410579148","https://openalex.org/W4413054665","https://openalex.org/W4414183234","https://openalex.org/W7140736393","https://openalex.org/W7165012285"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Early":[0],"breast":[1],"cancer":[2,282],"may":[3],"induce":[4],"a":[5,17,89,119,128,142,155],"systemic":[6],"immune":[7],"response":[8],"before":[9,38],"abundant":[10],"tumor-derived":[11],"material":[12],"reaches":[13],"the":[14,25,47,123,150],"circulation,":[15],"creating":[16],"potential":[18],"source":[19],"of":[20,58,125,152,204],"amplified":[21],"liquid-biopsy":[22],"biomarkers.":[23],"However,":[24],"extent":[26],"to":[27],"which":[28],"host-response":[29],"signatures":[30,220],"can":[31],"support":[32],"early":[33],"detection":[34,203],"or":[35,173,180,207,284,293],"population":[36,208],"screening":[37,209,215,270],"diagnosis":[39],"remains":[40],"uncertain.":[41],"This":[42],"structured":[43],"narrative":[44],"review":[45,92],"examines":[46],"biological":[48,227],"basis,":[49],"analytical":[50],"platforms,":[51],"evidence,":[52],"clinical":[53],"roles,":[54],"and":[55,63,75,79,104,113,138,145,187,196,214,248,261,277],"translational":[56],"requirements":[57],"circulating":[59],"autoantibodies,":[60],"leukocyte":[61],"transcriptomic":[62],"epigenetic":[64],"profiles,":[65],"immune-cell":[66],"phenotypes,":[67],"adaptive":[68],"immune-receptor":[69],"repertoires,":[70],"soluble":[71],"mediators,":[72],"extracellular":[73],"vesicles,":[74],"integrated":[76],"multi-omics.":[77],"PubMed/MEDLINE":[78],"citation":[80],"networks":[81],"were":[82],"searched":[83],"through":[84],"August":[85],"31,":[86],"2026":[87],"using":[88],"predefined":[90],"diagnostic":[91,174],"framework.":[93],"Evidence":[94],"was":[95],"organized":[96],"by":[97,110],"intended":[98],"use,":[99],"sample":[100],"timing,":[101],"comparator":[102],"spectrum,":[103],"validation":[105,216],"maturity,":[106],"with":[107,176,202],"appraisal":[108],"informed":[109],"established":[111,177],"diagnostic-accuracy":[112],"prediction-model":[114],"standards.":[115],"Proof-of-concept":[116],"estimates":[117,163],"include":[118,239],"mean":[120],"area":[121,148],"under":[122,149],"curve":[124,151],"0.96":[126],"for":[127,141,154,232,245],"machine-learning":[129],"T-cell":[130],"receptor":[131],"model":[132,158],"in":[133,251],"98":[134],"women,":[135],"80.8%":[136],"sensitivity":[137],"61.6%":[139],"specificity":[140],"28-autoantibody":[143],"panel,":[144],"an":[146],"external-validation":[147],"0.951":[153],"20-analyte":[156],"proteome-metabolome":[157],"involving":[159],"662":[160],"participants.":[161],"These":[162],"are":[164,221],"not":[165,199],"directly":[166],"comparable:":[167],"most":[168,235],"derive":[169],"from":[170],"retrospective":[171],"case-control":[172],"cohorts":[175],"cancer,":[178],"healthy":[179],"benign":[181,260],"comparators,":[182],"post-diagnosis":[183],"sampling,":[184],"data-driven":[185],"thresholds,":[186],"limited":[188],"independent":[189],"validation.":[190],"Consequently,":[191],"discrimination":[192],"between":[193],"known":[194],"cases":[195],"controls":[197],"must":[198],"be":[200],"equated":[201],"occult":[205],"disease":[206],"utility.":[210],"Breast-specific":[211],"prediagnostic":[212,257],"evidence":[213,278],"remain":[217],"sparse.":[218],"Host-response":[219],"therefore":[222],"best":[223],"considered":[224],"investigational,":[225],"complementary":[226],"sensors":[228],"rather":[229],"than":[230],"replacements":[231],"mammography.":[233],"Their":[234],"plausible":[236],"future":[237],"roles":[238],"triage":[240],"after":[241],"equivocal":[242],"imaging,":[243,247],"enrichment":[244],"supplemental":[246],"longitudinal":[249],"surveillance":[250],"high-risk":[252],"populations.":[253],"Translation":[254],"requires":[255],"prospective":[256],"cohorts,":[258],"representative":[259],"inflammatory":[262],"controls,":[263],"locked":[264],"algorithms,":[265],"high-specificity":[266],"performance,":[267],"calibration":[268],"at":[269],"prevalence,":[271],"external":[272],"validation,":[273],"subgroup":[274],"fairness,":[275],"reproducibility,":[276],"that":[279],"testing":[280],"improves":[281],"yield":[283],"stage":[285],"distribution":[286],"without":[287],"unacceptable":[288],"false-positive":[289],"procedures,":[290],"overdiagnosis,":[291],"cost,":[292],"inequity.":[294]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}