{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225753462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6c02036","title":"Operando Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Reveals Iodine-Mediated Redox Chemistry in Solid-State Li\u2013S Batteries","display_name":"Operando Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Reveals Iodine-Mediated Redox Chemistry in Solid-State Li\u2013S Batteries","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225753462","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6c02036"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.6c02036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6c02036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6c02036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764414965","display_name":"ACS Energy Letters","issn_l":"2380-8195","issn":["2380-8195"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Energy Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6c02036","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092584130","display_name":"Timo Weintraut","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6824-5858","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-6824-5858"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200763008","display_name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","ror":"https://ror.org/033eqas34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Timo Weintraut","raw_affiliation_strings":["Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010897062","display_name":"Konrad M\u00fcnch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8778-9344","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8778-9344"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200763008","display_name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","ror":"https://ror.org/033eqas34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Konrad M\u00fcnch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , ,","Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8778-9344","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026425699","display_name":"Till Fuchs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2440-181X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2440-181X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200763008","display_name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","ror":"https://ror.org/033eqas34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Till Fuchs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049260990","display_name":"Matilde Pavan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5611-7522","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5611-7522"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200763008","display_name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","ror":"https://ror.org/033eqas34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matilde Pavan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , ,","Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , ,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084882618","display_name":"J\u00fcrgen Janek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-4756","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-4756"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200763008","display_name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","ror":"https://ror.org/033eqas34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J\u00fcrgen Janek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , ,","Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9221-4756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17 , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072831450","display_name":"Anja Hen\u00df","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-6512","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-6512"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200763008","display_name":"Justus-Liebig-Universit\u00e4t Gie\u00dfen","ror":"https://ror.org/033eqas34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anja Henss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , ,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5009-6512","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Justus Liebig University Giessen , , Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16 , ,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5072831450"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200763008"],"apc_list":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"apc_paid":{"value":4500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4500},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10281","display_name":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10281","display_name":"Advanced Battery Materials and Technologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10018","display_name":"Advancements in Battery Materials","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10683","display_name":"Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52859227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7877","display_name":"Electrochemistry","level":3,"score":0.6944000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55904794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82682","display_name":"Redox","level":2,"score":0.6567999720573425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6184999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49110097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175233","display_name":"Cathode","level":2,"score":0.5755000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.5245000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162356407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180809","display_name":"Mass spectrometry","level":2,"score":0.4932999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555008776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267298","display_name":"Battery (electricity)","level":3,"score":0.4415000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.3995000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77671233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q556046","display_name":"Secondary ion mass spectrometry","level":3,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.33550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017610826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5755916","display_name":"High mass","level":2,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179104552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11165","display_name":"Inorganic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.3237000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192937433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2134627","display_name":"Reactive intermediate","level":3,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65024703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373406","display_name":"Reaction mechanism","level":3,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777977315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7243056","display_name":"Primary (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.28690001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132543647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80097","display_name":"Electrochemical cell","level":4,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105768512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7458208","display_name":"Reaction intermediate","level":3,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.2825999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57687973","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899336","display_name":"Chemical species","level":2,"score":0.28029999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42360764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83588","display_name":"Chemical engineering","level":1,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.25619998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.6c02036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6c02036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6c02036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764414965","display_name":"ACS Energy Letters","issn_l":"2380-8195","issn":["2380-8195"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Energy Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1021/acsenergylett.6c02036","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6c02036","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acsenergylett.6c02036","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764414965","display_name":"ACS Energy Letters","issn_l":"2380-8195","issn":["2380-8195"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320006","host_organization_name":"American Chemical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320006"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Chemical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ACS Energy Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965782432","https://openalex.org/W1986846887","https://openalex.org/W2042938274","https://openalex.org/W2084104164","https://openalex.org/W2090952364","https://openalex.org/W2316548329","https://openalex.org/W2510111099","https://openalex.org/W2518099942","https://openalex.org/W2611654527","https://openalex.org/W2794983911","https://openalex.org/W2888459358","https://openalex.org/W2943638974","https://openalex.org/W2944393213","https://openalex.org/W2969387578","https://openalex.org/W2980397272","https://openalex.org/W3015842815","https://openalex.org/W3033588247","https://openalex.org/W3039243251","https://openalex.org/W3053356149","https://openalex.org/W3116937496","https://openalex.org/W3123015351","https://openalex.org/W3124206916","https://openalex.org/W3128330895","https://openalex.org/W3137290929","https://openalex.org/W3161406966","https://openalex.org/W3205269758","https://openalex.org/W3213740387","https://openalex.org/W4289520628","https://openalex.org/W4293581728","https://openalex.org/W4327970430","https://openalex.org/W4381714948","https://openalex.org/W4385497466","https://openalex.org/W4386307881","https://openalex.org/W4387520111","https://openalex.org/W4387569448","https://openalex.org/W4391262793","https://openalex.org/W4400978607","https://openalex.org/W4401245624","https://openalex.org/W4406385644","https://openalex.org/W4407188356","https://openalex.org/W4407246335","https://openalex.org/W4411372198","https://openalex.org/W7119466678","https://openalex.org/W7155209212"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Understanding":[1],"dynamic":[2,52],"reaction":[3],"pathways":[4],"in":[5,67,104,115,141],"all-solid-state":[6],"batteries":[7,144],"remains":[8,45],"challenging":[9],"because":[10],"electrochemical":[11,72,147],"processes":[12,66],"occur":[13],"at":[14,126],"buried":[15,127],"solid\u2013solid":[16],"interfaces":[17,128],"and":[18,145],"transient":[19],"intermediates":[20,140],"are":[21],"difficult":[22],"to":[23],"detect":[24],"with":[25],"conventional":[26],"analytical":[27],"techniques.":[28],"While":[29],"operando":[30,53,132],"techniques":[31],"typically":[32],"probe":[33],"structural":[34],"or":[35],"macroscopic":[36],"changes,":[37],"direct":[38],"detection":[39],"of":[40,65,83,89,99,112],"reactive":[41,139],"species":[42,114,125],"during":[43,87],"operation":[44],"experimentally":[46],"demanding.":[47],"Here,":[48],"we":[49,77],"introduce":[50],"a":[51,68,80,90,135],"time-of-flight":[54],"secondary":[55],"ion":[56,107],"mass":[57],"spectrometry":[58],"platform":[59],"that":[60],"enables":[61],"continuous":[62],"chemical":[63],"analysis":[64],"solid-state":[69,143],"battery":[70],"under":[71],"bias.":[73],"Using":[74],"this":[75],"approach,":[76],"directly":[78],"observe":[79],"pronounced":[81],"increase":[82],"the":[84,97,105,110,116],"I2\u2013":[85],"signal":[86],"charging":[88],"Li\u2013S":[91],"composite":[92],"cathode":[93],"containing":[94],"LiI,":[95],"indicating":[96],"formation":[98],"elemental":[100],"iodine.":[101],"Concurrent":[102],"changes":[103],"sulfur-containing":[106],"signals":[108],"suggest":[109],"involvement":[111],"iodine":[113],"ongoing":[117],"redox":[118],"processes.":[119],"These":[120],"results":[121],"reveal":[122],"transient,":[123],"low-concentration":[124],"undetectable":[129],"by":[130],"other":[131],"techniques,":[133],"offering":[134],"pathway":[136],"for":[137],"identifying":[138],"conversion-type":[142],"related":[146],"systems.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}