{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225753204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113205","title":"Beehive Thermal Design: The Winter Insulation Bound, the Moisture Constraint, and the Cold Limit of a Small Cluster","display_name":"Beehive Thermal Design: The Winter Insulation Bound, the Moisture Constraint, and the Cold Limit of a Small Cluster","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225753204","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24113205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113205","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159396451","display_name":"William Alexander Aldred","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldred, William Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159396451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.5985999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10702","display_name":"Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior","score":0.5985999703407288,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11641","display_name":"Insect and Pesticide Research","score":0.09049999713897705,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1109","display_name":"Insect Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11056","display_name":"Physiological and biochemical adaptations","score":0.07289999723434448,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6431000232696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176864760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217651","display_name":"Moisture","level":2,"score":0.6251000165939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200457457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584049","display_name":"Ventilation (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.5091999769210815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64839514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918306","display_name":"Thermal insulation","level":3,"score":0.5087000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.4641999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98375054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442709","display_name":"Enclosure","level":2,"score":0.43720000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.4142000079154968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24939127","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373499","display_name":"Water content","level":2,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151420433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Humidity","level":2,"score":0.3490000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779982806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165107","display_name":"Beehive","level":2,"score":0.3287000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172100665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7465774","display_name":"Thermal conduction","level":2,"score":0.3280999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39613435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846677","display_name":"Remainder","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196803488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4986592","display_name":"Building envelope","level":3,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97346530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487005","display_name":"Thermal conductivity","level":2,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206018219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1427418","display_name":"Natural ventilation","level":3,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116915560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83504","display_name":"Nuclear engineering","level":1,"score":0.27149999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164866538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367351","display_name":"Cluster (spacecraft)","level":2,"score":0.2711000144481659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42683663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3517834","display_name":"Mean radiant temperature","level":3,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2164484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5170150","display_name":"Core (optical fiber)","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117954924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q279349","display_name":"Heat shield","level":2,"score":0.2639000117778778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162569806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15147130","display_name":"Wet-bulb temperature","level":3,"score":0.2597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158960510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180600","display_name":"Relative humidity","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24113205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24113206","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113206","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113206","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24113205","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113205","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"honeybee":[1],"colony":[2],"in":[3,186,217,225,254,324,367,437],"winter":[4,26,48,118,369],"is":[5,64,184,216,415],"a":[6,31,41,47,67,72,101,151,158,175,205,268,305,336,346,362,372],"small":[7],"heat":[8,69,79,404],"source":[9,70],"that":[10,60,405],"must":[11,247],"pay":[12],"for":[13,23],"every":[14],"watt":[15],"it":[16,376,393],"loses":[17],"with":[18,93,191,389,426],"honey.":[19],"This":[20],"paper":[21,439],"calculates,":[22],"one":[24,331],"stated":[25,128],"of":[27,35,75,84,124,137,154,177,207,212,235,239,271,276,298,307,321,340,351,385,397,429],"120":[28],"days":[29],"at":[30,71,116,264,278],"mean":[32,119],"ambient":[33],"temperature":[34,74,315,384],"\u22125.0":[36],"\u00b0C,":[37,77,387],"how":[38,50],"much":[39,51],"honey":[40,125],"standard":[42,111,227,407],"thin-wall":[43],"wooden":[44],"hive":[45,91,112,408],"costs":[46],"cluster,":[49],"an":[52,108,382,431],"insulated":[53,132,359],"design":[54,133,257,280,318,326,360,449],"can":[55],"save,":[56],"and":[57,87,120,144,157,171,200,354,388,421,447],"what":[58],"limits":[59],"saving.":[61],"The":[62,110,182,357,419],"cluster":[63,198,242,306,347],"modelled":[65],"as":[66,100],"regulated":[68,313],"core":[73,314],"25.0":[76],"losing":[78],"through":[80,89],"its":[81,312,368],"own":[82],"mantle":[83,199],"packed":[85],"bees":[86],"then":[88],"the":[90,94,117,127,142,149,164,197,201,213,218,221,226,236,241,245,252,255,258,265,279,284,291,296,302,317,329,379,390,406,416,427],"envelope,":[92],"moisture":[95,165],"produced":[96],"by":[97,163],"metabolism":[98],"treated":[99],"binding":[102],"constraint":[103],"on":[104,316,371,452],"ventilation":[105,203,230,400],"rather":[106],"than":[107],"afterthought.":[109],"requires":[113,168],"16.97":[114],"W":[115,170,333],"consumes":[121,172],"14.08":[122],"kg":[123,179,309],"over":[126,141,148],"winter.":[129],"An":[130],"optimised":[131,256,330],"\u2014":[134,167],"50":[135],"mm":[136,147,289],"expanded":[138],"polystyrene":[139],"(EPS)":[140],"walls":[143],"floor,":[145],"100":[146],"roof,":[150],"reduced":[152],"entrance":[153,391],"750":[155],"mm\u00b2,":[156],"controlled":[159],"upper":[160],"vent":[161],"set":[162,204],"balance":[166],"11.40":[169],"9.45":[173],"kg,":[174,209],"saving":[176,183],"4.62":[178],"(32.8":[180],"percent).":[181],"bounded":[185],"three":[187],"ways.":[188],"First,":[189],"even":[190],"envelope":[192],"conduction":[193],"driven":[194],"to":[195,401],"zero,":[196],"necessary":[202],"floor":[206],"3.99":[208],"so":[210,244],"most":[211],"remaining":[214],"loss":[215],"bees,":[219],"not":[220],"box.":[222],"Second,":[223],"moisture:":[224],"hive,":[228],"baseline":[229],"removes":[231],"only":[232],"32.4":[233],"g/day":[234,238],"76.3":[237],"water":[240],"produces,":[243],"remainder":[246],"condense":[248],"or":[249],"freeze":[250],"inside":[251,290],"hive;":[253],"warmer":[259],"inner":[260],"surfaces":[261],"(6.29":[262],"\u00b0C":[263,323,350,374],"wall,":[266],"against":[267,335],"dew":[269],"point":[270],"3.94":[272],"\u00b0C)":[273],"stay":[274],"clear":[275],"condensation":[277],"humidity":[281],"ceiling,":[282],"but":[283],"dew-point":[285],"plane":[286],"falls":[287],"6.6":[288],"EPS":[292],"layer,":[293],"which":[294],"constrains":[295],"choice":[297],"insulation":[299],"material.":[300],"Third,":[301],"cold":[303,319,352],"limit:":[304],"0.3":[308],"cannot":[310],"hold":[311],"night":[320,375],"\u221225":[322],"any":[325],"studied,":[327],"including":[328],"(8.86":[332],"required":[334],"maximum":[337],"sustained":[338],"output":[339],"8.4":[341],"W).":[342],"Insulation":[343],"buys":[344],"such":[345],"about":[348],"7":[349],"tolerance":[353],"no":[355,448],"more.":[356],"same":[358],"carries":[361],"real":[363],"summer":[364],"penalty:":[365],"left":[366],"configuration":[370],"28.0":[373],"would":[377],"drive":[378],"nest":[380],"toward":[381],"equilibrium":[383],"49.3":[386],"opened":[392],"needs":[394],"1.68":[395],"L/s":[396],"additional":[398],"fanning":[399],"dump":[402],"metabolic":[403],"sheds":[409],"passively.":[410],"Disclosure:":[411],"William":[412],"Alexander":[413],"Aldred":[414],"sole":[417],"author.":[418],"calculations":[420],"drafting":[422],"were":[423],"carried":[424],"out":[425],"assistance":[428],"Dave,":[430],"artificial":[432],"intelligence":[433],"system.":[434],"All":[435],"designs":[436],"this":[438],"are":[440],"SIMULATED,":[441],"NOT":[442],"MEASURED;":[443],"nothing":[444],"was":[445,450],"built":[446],"tested":[451],"bees.":[453]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}