{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225751778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v10.no9.2024.pg126.145","title":"Spatial Pattern of Landuse/Landcover and Flood Management Strategies by Vulnerable Communities in Kogi State, Nigeria","display_name":"Spatial Pattern of Landuse/Landcover and Flood Management Strategies by Vulnerable Communities in Kogi State, Nigeria","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225751778","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v10.no9.2024.pg126.145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.56201/ijgem.v10.no9.2024.pg126.145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v10.no9.2024.pg126.145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v10.no9.2024.pg126.145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387282486","display_name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","issn_l":"2504-8821","issn":["2504-8821","2695-1878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110284397","display_name":"Innocent Ehiaguina Bello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6514-2294","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6514-2294"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31959934","display_name":"Nasarawa State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ybvje46","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Innocent E. BELLO","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geography, Nasarawa State University, keffi, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geography, Nasarawa State University, keffi, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110284397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31959934"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"126","last_page":"126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10930","display_name":"Flood Risk Assessment and Management","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10747","display_name":"Disaster Management and Resilience","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10226","display_name":"Land Use and Ecosystem Services","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.63919997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74256435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134052","display_name":"Flood myth","level":2,"score":0.6233999729156494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186594467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1429176","display_name":"Flooding (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5918999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181843262","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q640492","display_name":"Digital elevation model","level":2,"score":0.51910001039505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780648208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001793","display_name":"Land cover","level":3,"score":0.45010000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4792198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1165944","display_name":"Land use","level":2,"score":0.4332999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.42739999294281006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777381055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q308922","display_name":"Damages","level":2,"score":0.40130001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93692415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1502030","display_name":"Thematic map","level":2,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.3849000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778102629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725252","display_name":"Satellite imagery","level":2,"score":0.3833000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41856607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483130","display_name":"Geographic information system","level":2,"score":0.36890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39410599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433179","display_name":"Natural hazard","level":2,"score":0.35839998722076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166566181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8065","display_name":"Natural disaster","level":2,"score":0.335999995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.3043999969959259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524765639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1501619","display_name":"Water resource management","level":1,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164833729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4784987","display_name":"ArcGIS Server","level":5,"score":0.2612999975681305}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.56201/ijgem.v10.no9.2024.pg126.145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v10.no9.2024.pg126.145","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.56201/ijgem.v10.no9.2024.pg126.145","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4387282486","display_name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","issn_l":"2504-8821","issn":["2504-8821","2695-1878"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IIARD INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF GEOGRAPHY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flood":[0,324],"is":[1],"among":[2],"the":[3,20,60,70,102,105,125,130,172,183,202,245,260,289,319,327,423],"most":[4,293,394],"recurring":[5],"and":[6,15,48,58,68,96,127,136,219,232,262,267,313,351,385,412,439,451,454],"devastating":[7],"natural":[8,375],"hazards":[9],"causing":[10],"colossal":[11],"loss":[12,330,335],"of":[13,27,42,62,88,108,124,143,152,158,195,198,206,236,247,254,321,331,336,340,347,381,421,425],"lives":[14,333],"severe":[16],"economic":[17,348],"damages":[18],"throughout":[19],"world.":[21],"Kogi":[22,75,153,207,209,214,220,322,359],"State":[23,154],"in":[24,74,104,288,358,393],"Nigeria,":[25],"because":[26],"its":[28],"confluence":[29],"nature,":[30],"experiences":[31],"perennial":[32],"flooding":[33,248],"which":[34],"this":[35,43],"study":[36,44,257],"seeks":[37],"to":[38,100,118,148,155,170,178,239,243,282,299,442,446],"examine.":[39],"The":[40,165,175,256,301,361,414],"objectives":[41],"includes":[45,329],"to:":[46],"identify":[47,57],"map":[49,173],"landuse/land":[50],"cover":[51,269],"dynamics":[52],"as":[53,292,418],"they":[54,272],"accelerate":[55],"flooding,":[56],"examine":[59,69,244],"effects":[61],"flood":[63,71,179,287,356,363,367,371,376,382,402,443],"risk":[64,253,344],"on":[65,249,326,401],"vulnerable":[66,176,250,290,304],"communities,":[67],"management":[72,364,369,373],"practices":[73,365],"State.":[76,323,360],"LandSat":[77],"satellite":[78],"images":[79,126,131,264],"obtained":[80],"from":[81,275,406],"USGS":[82],"Global":[83],"Land":[84],"Cover":[85],"Facility":[86],"website":[87],"different":[89],"epochs":[90],"(2000,":[91],"2005,":[92],"2010,":[93],"2015,":[94],"2020":[95,261],"2024)":[97],"were":[98,180,225,241,273],"used":[99,117,147,169,242],"model":[101,151],"variations":[103],"spatial":[106],"pattern":[107],"landues/landcover":[109],"(LULC)":[110],"changes.":[111],"ENVI":[112],"Remote":[113],"Sensing":[114],"Software":[115],"was":[116,146,168,280],"carry":[119],"out":[120],"digital":[121],"image":[122,140],"processing":[123],"then":[128],"classify":[129],"into":[132],"Crop,":[133],"Settlement,":[134],"Water":[135],"Island.":[137],"ASTER":[138],"elevation":[139],"data":[141],"(DEM)":[142],"30m":[144],"Resolution":[145],"create":[149,171],"terrain":[150],"show":[156],"regions":[157],"low":[159],"lands":[160,295],"that":[161,259,392],"easily":[162],"get":[163],"flooded.":[164],"ArcGIS":[166],"10.5":[167],"layouts.":[174],"communities":[177,251,291,305,328,434,445],"geo-tagged":[181],"using":[182,227],"Garmin":[184],"72+":[185],"handheld":[186],"GPS.":[187],"Using":[188],"simple":[189],"random":[190],"sampling":[191],"technique,":[192],"a":[193,419],"total":[194],"418":[196,234],"copies":[197,235],"questionnaire":[199],"sampled":[200],"across":[201],"three":[203],"senatorial":[204],"zones":[205],"State:":[208],"East":[210],"-":[211,216,222],"197":[212],"(44.94%),":[213],"West":[215],"112":[217],"(27.89%),":[218],"Central":[221],"109":[223],"(27.16%))":[224],"analyzed":[226],"descriptive":[228],"statistics,":[229],"including":[230],"graph":[231],"tables.":[233],"questionnaires":[237],"administered":[238],"residents":[240],"impact":[246,325],"at":[252],"flooding.":[255],"reveals":[258],"2024":[263],"had":[265,296],"scan":[266],"cloud":[268],"errors;":[270],"hence,":[271],"excluded":[274],"further":[276],"analyses.":[277],"LULC":[278],"change":[279],"considered":[281],"be":[283],"partly":[284],"responsible":[285],"for":[286],"crop":[294],"been":[297],"converted":[298],"settlements.":[300],"identified":[302,362],"major":[303],"include":[306,366],"Lokoja,":[307],"Gadumo,":[308],"Ganaja,":[309],"Koton":[310],"Karfe,":[311],"Adankolo":[312],"Natako.":[314],"These":[315],"settlements":[316],"fall":[317],"within":[318],"lowlands":[320],"human":[332],"(21%),":[334,370],"property":[337],"(17%),":[338],"displacement":[339],"people":[341],"(13%),":[342],"health":[343],"(12%),":[345],"disruption":[346],"activities":[349],"(14%)":[350],"food":[352],"insecurity":[353],"(23%)":[354],"during":[355],"disaster":[357],"vulnerability":[368,403],"plain":[372],"(20%),":[374],"control":[377],"system":[378,388],"(19%),":[379],"construction":[380],"barriers":[383],"(15%),":[384],"early":[386,399],"warning":[387,400],"(25%).":[389],"This":[390],"means":[391],"cases,":[395],"before":[396],"rainy":[397],"season,":[398],"are":[404],"received":[405],"relevant":[407],"MDAs":[408],"like":[409],"NIHSA,":[410],"NIMET":[411],"FEMA.":[413],"study,":[415],"therefore,":[416],"recommends,":[417],"matter":[420],"urgency,":[422],"creation":[424],"Emergency":[426],"evacuation":[427],"route,":[428],"emergency":[429],"evacuation/health":[430],"centers,":[431],"support":[432],"coastal":[433],"with":[435],"fishing":[436],"tools,":[437],"timely":[438],"adequately":[440],"response":[441],"affected":[444],"save":[447],"lives,":[448],"ensure":[449],"public":[450],"environmental":[452],"safety,":[453],"ecological":[455],"security":[456]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}