{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225751197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656","title":"Machine learning\u2013driven stability and power quality assessment in renewable-integrated power systems","display_name":"Machine learning\u2013driven stability and power quality assessment in renewable-integrated power systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225751197","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595193159","display_name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","issn_l":"2296-598X","issn":["2296-598X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109428985","display_name":"Abdulelah Alharbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9367-5493","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9367-5493"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I156216236","display_name":"Qassim University","ror":"https://ror.org/01wsfe280","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdulelah Alharbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Qassim University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109428985"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I156216236"],"apc_list":{"value":2550,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3077},"apc_paid":{"value":2550,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3077},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10305","display_name":"Power System Optimization and Stability","score":0.948199987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10223","display_name":"Microgrid Control and Optimization","score":0.022600000724196434,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10573","display_name":"Power Quality and Harmonics","score":0.01769999973475933,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.5927000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5766000151634216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42156128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162641","display_name":"Total harmonic distortion","level":3,"score":0.5727999806404114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.5252000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.5083000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188414643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3001183","display_name":"Harmonics","level":3,"score":0.48899999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.4724999964237213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781134633","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14945479","display_name":"Voltage sag","level":4,"score":0.46380001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.45750001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42590001225471497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780388094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666248","display_name":"Intermittency","level":3,"score":0.35370001196861267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79518650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2081431","display_name":"Integrator","level":3,"score":0.32829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779665505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780079","display_name":"Power quality","level":3,"score":0.3010999858379364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108755667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930258","display_name":"AC power","level":3,"score":0.29820001125335693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22762622","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628904","display_name":"Operating point","level":2,"score":0.28139999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.2768999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46529443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7940750","display_name":"Voltage optimisation","level":4,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137209882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403517","display_name":"Measurement uncertainty","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196796808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132629","display_name":"Electrical network","level":2,"score":0.2590000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.2583000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2558000087738037}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595193159","display_name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","issn_l":"2296-598X","issn":["2296-598X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/energy-research/articles/10.3389/fenrg.2026.1949656/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595193159","display_name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","issn_l":"2296-598X","issn":["2296-598X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Energy Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225751197.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225751197.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999645622","https://openalex.org/W2054091988","https://openalex.org/W2610600471","https://openalex.org/W2979555205","https://openalex.org/W2990766281","https://openalex.org/W3158956207","https://openalex.org/W3163037775","https://openalex.org/W3211609170","https://openalex.org/W4213448754","https://openalex.org/W4229002658","https://openalex.org/W4241079583","https://openalex.org/W4283833738","https://openalex.org/W4285141376","https://openalex.org/W4293431235","https://openalex.org/W4304114021","https://openalex.org/W4309703957","https://openalex.org/W4322771537","https://openalex.org/W4323046061","https://openalex.org/W4324116457","https://openalex.org/W4362668807","https://openalex.org/W4387823339","https://openalex.org/W4389764463","https://openalex.org/W4391955320","https://openalex.org/W4393185376","https://openalex.org/W4395034915","https://openalex.org/W4396495938","https://openalex.org/W4396930189","https://openalex.org/W4400196068","https://openalex.org/W4400488838","https://openalex.org/W4401700793","https://openalex.org/W4402844083","https://openalex.org/W4403021937","https://openalex.org/W4406382428","https://openalex.org/W4406690198","https://openalex.org/W4407403794","https://openalex.org/W4407449410","https://openalex.org/W4408550090","https://openalex.org/W4408619404","https://openalex.org/W4409369149","https://openalex.org/W4409503278","https://openalex.org/W4410491855","https://openalex.org/W4410634637","https://openalex.org/W4411197507","https://openalex.org/W4411589357","https://openalex.org/W4415706984","https://openalex.org/W7154569966"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stability":[0],"and":[1,10,23,31,60,69,84,103,121,155,166,176,193,202,211,231,234,250],"power":[2,16,62,157,251,259],"quality":[3,158,252],"assessment":[4,253],"are":[5,171],"critical":[6],"for":[7,248],"the":[8,19,76,79,132,183,207,215,241],"effective":[9,246],"reliable":[11],"operation":[12],"of":[13,21,182,209],"hybrid":[14],"renewable":[15,98],"grids,":[17],"where":[18],"intermittency":[20],"solar":[22],"wind":[24],"generation":[25],"can":[26],"lead":[27],"to":[28,52,118,127,147,173,195,221,227],"significant":[29],"voltage":[30,68,113,162,200],"frequency":[32,70,122,164],"fluctuations.":[33],"This":[34],"study":[35],"proposes":[36],"a":[37,47],"framework":[38,87,243,247],"that":[39],"integrates":[40],"an":[41,245],"Unscented":[42],"Kalman":[43],"Filter":[44],"(UKF)":[45],"with":[46,112],"Graph":[48],"Neural":[49],"Network":[50],"(GNN)":[51],"simultaneously":[53],"estimate":[54],"system":[55],"states,":[56],"evaluate":[57],"dynamic":[58],"stability,":[59],"monitor":[61],"quality.":[63],"The":[64,86,106,135],"UKF":[65],"provides":[66,244],"accurate":[67],"estimation":[71,110],"under":[72,90,149,179,190,197,223,229,237,254],"various":[73],"disturbances,":[74,198],"while":[75,199],"GNN":[77,136],"predicts":[78],"operating":[80,133],"states:":[81],"stable,":[82],"marginal,":[83],"unstable.":[85],"is":[88],"validated":[89],"multiple":[91],"scenarios,":[92,144],"including":[93],"nominal":[94,150,191,224],"operation,":[95],"high-load":[96,230],"conditions,":[97,225,233],"intermittency,":[99],"faults,":[100],"measurement":[101],"noise,":[102],"extreme":[104,238],"disturbances.":[105,239],"results":[107],"demonstrate":[108],"low":[109],"errors,":[111],"RMSE":[114,123],"ranging":[115,124],"from":[116,125,219],"0.008":[117],"0.06":[119],"pu,":[120],"0.01":[126],"0.08":[128],"Hz,":[129],"depending":[130],"on":[131],"conditions.":[134,151],"achieves":[137],"classification":[138],"accuracy":[139],"above":[140],"94%":[141],"in":[142,257],"most":[143],"reaching":[145],"up":[146],"98%\u201399%":[148],"Furthermore,":[152],"multi-scenario":[153],"heatmaps":[154],"standard":[156],"indices,":[159],"such":[160],"as":[161],"sag/swell,":[163],"deviation,":[165],"total":[167],"harmonic":[168],"distortion":[169],"(THD),":[170],"employed":[172],"verify":[174],"robustness":[175],"consistent":[177],"performance":[178],"simulated":[180,255],"conditions":[181,192,256],"proposed":[184],"approach.":[185],"THD":[186],"remains":[187],"below":[188],"2%":[189],"increases":[194],"5%\u20135.5%":[196],"sag":[201],"swell":[203],"events":[204],"occur":[205],"within":[206],"ranges":[208,218],"5%\u201310%":[210],"3%\u20136%,":[212],"respectively.":[213],"Moreover,":[214],"stability":[216,249],"index":[217],"0.85":[220],"0.88":[222],"decreases":[226],"0.70\u20130.78":[228],"renewable-intermittency":[232],"approximately":[235],"0.20":[236],"Overall,":[240],"UKF\u2013GNN":[242],"renewable-energy-based":[258],"systems.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}