{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225749301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2026.10947","title":"Interaction Between the MLES and the MLEC","display_name":"Interaction Between the MLES and the MLEC","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225749301","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2026.10947"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.20318/cdt.2026.10947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2026.10947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2026.10947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306507249","display_name":"CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL","issn_l":"1989-4570","issn":["1989-4570"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","fecyt-seal","latindex","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2026.10947","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161397019","display_name":"Hei Zuqing","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hei Zuqing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Investigador independiente"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Investigador independiente","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161397019"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"1234","last_page":"1249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14180","display_name":"Law, logistics, and international trade","score":0.8389000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14180","display_name":"Law, logistics, and international trade","score":0.8389000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12374","display_name":"European and International Contract Law","score":0.0430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13364","display_name":"Digitalization, Law, and Regulation","score":0.03869999945163727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196587545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869548","display_name":"Electronic signature","level":3,"score":0.6988000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5012999773025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.47679999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776034101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509347","display_name":"Commission","level":2,"score":0.40959998965263367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547195049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1725664","display_name":"Terminology","level":2,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138331895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronics","level":2,"score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987677221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188506","display_name":"Electronic banking","level":3,"score":0.3580999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122941539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10836209","display_name":"Electronic money","level":3,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983266536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3509543","display_name":"Electronic systems","level":2,"score":0.3314000070095062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778315425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q694975","display_name":"Electronic document","level":2,"score":0.3140999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989044035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11650","display_name":"Electronic equipment","level":2,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989037723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5358347","display_name":"Electronic data","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2874999940395355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777834853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96776939","display_name":"Liability","level":2,"score":0.2865999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2644999921321869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81060104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11653","display_name":"Electronic component","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.20318/cdt.2026.10947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2026.10947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2026.10947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306507249","display_name":"CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL","issn_l":"1989-4570","issn":["1989-4570"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","fecyt-seal","latindex","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.20318/cdt.2026.10947","doi":"https://doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2026.10947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.20318/cdt.2026.10947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306507249","display_name":"CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL","issn_l":"1989-4570","issn":["1989-4570"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","erih-plus","fecyt-seal","latindex","poland-20","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"CUADERNOS DE DERECHO TRANSNACIONAL","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Electronic":[0,71,110],"signatures":[1,22,141],"are":[2,103],"essential":[3],"for":[4],"the":[5,14,33,42,60,67,76,101,106,117,126,129,132,145,150,157,161,164,167],"development":[6],"of":[7,17,39,44,64,91,131,163],"trade":[8,29],"finance":[9],"in":[10,27,41,100,149,173],"digital":[11],"form.":[12],"With":[13],"increased":[15],"use":[16],"electronic":[18,21,28,45,65,95,140],"authentication":[19,34],"techniques,":[20],"could":[23],"be":[24,171],"used":[25],"widely":[26],"finance.":[30],"To":[31,57],"accommodate":[32],"technology":[35],"and":[36,128,142,159],"various":[37],"levels":[38],"security":[40],"context":[43],"signatures,":[46,66],"it":[47,135],"is":[48,121],"necessary":[49],"to":[50,59,94,156,170],"establish":[51],"an":[52],"internationally":[53],"acceptable":[54],"legal":[55],"framework.":[56],"adapt":[58],"rapidly":[61],"developing":[62],"techniques":[63],"Model":[68,107],"Law":[69,83,108],"on":[70,80,109,139],"Signatures(the":[72],"MLES)":[73],"adopted":[74,115],"by":[75,116],"United":[77],"Nations":[78],"Commission":[79],"International":[81],"Trade":[82],"(the":[84,112],"UNCITRAL)":[85],"lays":[86],"down":[87],"some":[88],"basic":[89],"principles":[90],"law":[92],"as":[93],"signatures.":[96],"The":[97,119,152],"rules":[98,138],"contained":[99,148],"MLES":[102,120,153,165],"derived":[104],"from":[105],"Commerce":[111],"MLEC)":[113],"also":[114],"UNCITRAL.":[118],"fully":[122],"consistent":[123],"with":[124,166],"both":[125],"substance":[127],"terminology":[130],"MLEC,":[133],"but":[134],"further":[136],"adopts":[137],"can":[143],"satisfy":[144],"flexible":[146],"requirements":[147],"MLEC.":[151],"adds":[154],"substantially":[155],"MLEC":[158,168],"therefore":[160],"relationship":[162],"deserves":[169],"discussed":[172],"detail.":[174]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}