{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225748870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24106402","title":"Who sees the sea? Sea-view potential by fa\u00e7ade and floor from cadastral LoD1 models on the Costa del Sol","display_name":"Who sees the sea? Sea-view potential by fa\u00e7ade and floor from cadastral LoD1 models on the Costa del Sol","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225748870","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24106402"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24106402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24106402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24106402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24106402","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161126380","display_name":"Gabriel Rojo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7760-5428","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7760-5428"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rojo, Gabriel","raw_affiliation_strings":["CASAS.ES"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7760-5428","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CASAS.ES","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161126380"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12698","display_name":"3D Modeling in Geospatial Applications","score":0.9404000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10632","display_name":"Housing Market and Economics","score":0.04490000009536743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12325","display_name":"Urban Design and Spatial Analysis","score":0.005200000014156103,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134207755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191072","display_name":"Cadastre","level":2,"score":0.9325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.6373999714851379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.5974000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161840515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186131","display_name":"Terrain","level":2,"score":0.5787000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132943942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2562511","display_name":"Footprint","level":2,"score":0.5077000260353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7928819","display_name":"Viewpoints","level":2,"score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.428600013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.34790000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33613203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q468469","display_name":"Seabed","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99695388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350514","display_name":"Raised-relief map","level":3,"score":0.32420000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51399673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504027","display_name":"Lidar","level":2,"score":0.32109999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100970517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52107","display_name":"Physical geography","level":1,"score":0.3061999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.2718999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.25679999589920044}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24106402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24106402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24106402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24106403","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24106403","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24106403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24117883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24117883","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24117883","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24106402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24106402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24106402","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Working":[0],"paper,":[1],"version":[2],"r120":[3],"of":[4,18,31,35,51,68,88,125,155,165,179,214],"10":[5],"November":[6],"2026.":[7],"Views":[8],"are":[9,206,216],"among":[10],"the":[11,28,49,118,128,135,141,145,153,172,174,187,224,231,266,275],"most":[12],"valued":[13],"and":[14,44,59,97,210,227,234,256,271,283,290],"least":[15],"measured":[16],"attributes":[17],"a":[19,60,109,113,218],"home.":[20],"We":[21],"present":[22],"an":[23,78,101,177,239],"open-data":[24],"method":[25],"that":[26,85],"estimates":[27],"sea-view":[29],"potential":[30,222,250],"every":[32,36],"free":[33],"fa\u00e7ade":[34],"residential":[37],"building":[38],"at":[39,131,190],"three":[40],"floors":[41,47],"(ground,":[42],"middle":[43],"top;":[45],"other":[46],"take":[48],"nearest":[50],"them),":[52],"from":[53,93,144],"cadastral":[54,121],"footprints":[55,122],"with":[56,117,168,220,253,280],"floor":[57,96,147,219],"counts":[58],"national":[61],"terrain":[62,264],"model.":[63],"Run":[64],"for":[65,158],"158,060":[66],"buildings":[67,89],"21":[69],"municipalities":[70],"on":[71,80,150,203,217,263,297],"Spain's":[72],"Costa":[73,294],"del":[74,295],"Sol":[75,296],"in":[76,112,127],"under":[77,223],"hour":[79],"two":[81,166,260],"cores,":[82],"it":[83,192],"finds":[84],"52":[86],"%":[87,99,124,182,213,229],"see":[90],"some":[91],"sea":[92,142],"their":[94],"top":[95,146],"36":[98],"have":[100,246],"open":[102],"view":[103,249],"(20\u00b0":[104],"or":[105],"more).":[106],"Traced":[107],"over":[108],"LiDAR":[110],"surface":[111],"pilot,":[114],"scores":[115],"agree":[116],"model's":[119],"inside":[120],"(96.7":[123],"viewpoints":[126],"same":[129],"class":[130],"20\u00b0),":[132],"but":[133,196],"structures":[134],"cadastre":[136],"does":[137],"not":[138,197],"record":[139],"lower":[140],"seen":[143],"by":[148,162,171],"6.1\u20139.0\u00b0":[149],"average.":[151],"Against":[152],"photographs":[154],"93":[156],"homes":[157],"sale,":[159],"labelled":[160],"blind":[161],"AI":[163],"models":[164],"developers":[167],"ties":[169],"decided":[170],"author,":[173],"score":[175],"has":[176],"AUC":[178],"0.80":[180],"(95":[181],"CI":[183],"0.70\u20130.89;":[184],"0.81":[185],"against":[186],"first-round":[188],"labels);":[189],"20\u00b0":[191],"is":[193],"sensitive":[194],"(0.90)":[195],"specific":[198],"(0.45).":[199],"Dwelling":[200],"figures":[201,282],"depend":[202],"how":[204,284],"dwellings":[205,215],"allocated":[207],"to":[208,245,285],"fa\u00e7ades":[209],"floors:":[211],"42":[212],"open-view":[221],"main":[225,276],"rule,":[226],"12\u201345":[228],"across":[230],"allocation,":[232],"geometry":[233],"vegetation":[235],"scenarios":[236],"tested.":[237],"As":[238],"application,":[240],"higher-income":[241],"census":[242],"sections":[243],"tend":[244],"more":[247],"modelled":[248],"within":[251],"municipalities,":[252],"uncertain":[254],"size":[255],"fragile":[257],"inference":[258],"(about":[259],"effective":[261],"clusters);":[262],"alone":[265],"difference":[267],"largely":[268],"disappears.":[269],"Code":[270],"fa\u00e7ade-level":[272],"data":[273],"reproduce":[274],"results.":[277],"The":[278,293],"article,":[279],"its":[281,303],"cite":[286],"it:":[287],"https://casas.es/en/research/who-sees-the-sea":[288],"Data":[289],"code:":[291],"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24106387":[292],"CASAS.ES:":[298],"https://casas.es/malaga/costa-del-sol-comarca/":[299],"How":[300],"CASAS.ES":[301],"computes":[302],"figures:":[304],"https://casas.es/en/methodology":[305]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}