{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225748446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11194308/v1","title":"Beyond farm resources: Entrepreneurial and behavioral determinants of profit efficiency in paddy farming","display_name":"Beyond farm resources: Entrepreneurial and behavioral determinants of profit efficiency in paddy farming","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225748446","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11194308/v1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11194308/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11194308/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11194308/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11194308/v1","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093777397","display_name":"Atsu Frank Yayra Ihou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3936-5137","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3936-5137"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atsu Frank Yayra Ihou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vellore Institute of Technology University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054153795","display_name":"Paul J. Mansingh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-8618","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3423-8618"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul J. Mansingh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Vellore Institute of Technology University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013273938","display_name":"Saravanan Raj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7561-7529","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7561-7529"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saravanan Raj","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Agricultural Extension Management (MANAGE)","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034792064","display_name":"Ramanujam Venkattakumar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174979866","display_name":"National Academy of Agricultural Research Management","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx19412","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174979866","https://openalex.org/I179420787"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I179420787","display_name":"Indian Council of Agricultural Research","ror":"https://ror.org/04fw54a43","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I179420787"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Venkattakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-National Academy of Agricultural Research Management (NAARM)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174979866","https://openalex.org/I179420787"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051750565","display_name":"Kossi Ayenagbo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7328-0117","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7328-0117"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210086877","display_name":"University of Kara","ror":"https://ror.org/001pma463","country_code":"TG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210086877"]}],"countries":["TG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kossi Ayenagbo","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Kara"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Kara","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210086877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.4733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13478","display_name":"Agricultural Development and Management","score":0.4733999967575073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.18230000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.13459999859333038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.6924999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181622380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26911","display_name":"Profit (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6324999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.5218999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.4837000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.46959999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.4408000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.4325000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142944206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1786137","display_name":"Proactivity","level":2,"score":0.42160001397132874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137577040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431965","display_name":"Information asymmetry","level":2,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189560676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187906","display_name":"Profit margin","level":2,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13558536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q785116","display_name":"Cropping","level":3,"score":0.34220001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.31779998540878296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.31470000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48824518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396340","display_name":"Agricultural economics","level":1,"score":0.29280000925064087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198477413","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7647069","display_name":"Survey data collection","level":2,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779341709","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617818","display_name":"Stochastic frontier analysis","level":3,"score":0.29100000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93782291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3683077","display_name":"Gross profit","level":3,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37621935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3606845","display_name":"Agricultural science","level":1,"score":0.28279998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1670747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q396622","display_name":"Agribusiness","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778571376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1355821","display_name":"Frontier","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109332788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q615445","display_name":"Economic efficiency","level":2,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.263700008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991963186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5090","display_name":"Rice farming","level":3,"score":0.2590999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151956035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132755","display_name":"Logistic regression","level":2,"score":0.2563999891281128}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11194308/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11194308/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11194308/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-11194308/v1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11194308/v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-11194308/v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525896","display_name":"Research Square","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Research Square","raw_type":"posted-content"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967418914","https://openalex.org/W1974011357","https://openalex.org/W1975619363","https://openalex.org/W1977845602","https://openalex.org/W1978738840","https://openalex.org/W1988494543","https://openalex.org/W2041212942","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2102296295","https://openalex.org/W2115374626","https://openalex.org/W2138657433","https://openalex.org/W2154116821","https://openalex.org/W2154399782","https://openalex.org/W2162180338","https://openalex.org/W2295124130","https://openalex.org/W2557923135","https://openalex.org/W2586608737","https://openalex.org/W2739158293","https://openalex.org/W2762141960","https://openalex.org/W2769476813","https://openalex.org/W2777690152","https://openalex.org/W2903108450","https://openalex.org/W2945113105","https://openalex.org/W2951993079","https://openalex.org/W2984433244","https://openalex.org/W3007622798","https://openalex.org/W3094409080","https://openalex.org/W3122772308","https://openalex.org/W3123066224","https://openalex.org/W3195990933","https://openalex.org/W3207817339","https://openalex.org/W4205966816","https://openalex.org/W4207046901","https://openalex.org/W4211124550","https://openalex.org/W4220770688","https://openalex.org/W4250910988","https://openalex.org/W4283017283","https://openalex.org/W4307556509","https://openalex.org/W4321373874","https://openalex.org/W4378837840","https://openalex.org/W4385495990","https://openalex.org/W4385841908","https://openalex.org/W4390396612","https://openalex.org/W4391045394","https://openalex.org/W4392827322","https://openalex.org/W4393334176","https://openalex.org/W4399258611","https://openalex.org/W4399641224","https://openalex.org/W4400120163","https://openalex.org/W4404320609","https://openalex.org/W4405853937","https://openalex.org/W4406374711","https://openalex.org/W4408825095","https://openalex.org/W4409686226","https://openalex.org/W4410972436","https://openalex.org/W4411778011","https://openalex.org/W4412451159"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Context:":[1],"The":[2,72,124,236],"enhancement":[3],"of":[4,12,23,42,83,90,109,118,252],"farm":[5,27,43,230],"profitability":[6],"is":[7,74],"not":[8,47,202,212],"just":[9],"a":[10,81,95],"matter":[11],"access":[13,152],"to":[14,55,106,144,153,239],"productive":[15],"resources,":[16],"but":[17],"also":[18],"depends":[19],"on":[20,76,222],"the":[21,37,57,113,139,154,250],"perception":[22],"opportunities,":[24],"risk":[25,194],"management,":[26],"information":[28,176],"and":[29,31,39,65,103,112,115,122,133,159,182,198,225,232,246,255,265],"access,":[30,177],"decision-making":[32,199],"regarding":[33],"resource":[34],"allocation.":[35],"However,":[36],"behavioral":[38,114,226,247],"entrepreneurial":[40,61,63,209,224,245],"nature":[41],"profit":[44,66,97,110,119,128,165,217,253],"inefficiency":[45],"has":[46],"been":[48],"adequately":[49],"comprehended.":[50],"Objective:":[51],"This":[52],"study":[53,73,237],"aims":[54],"examine":[56],"linkages":[58],"between":[59],"farmers'":[60],"mindset,":[62],"intention,":[64,188],"efficiency":[67,111,129,254],"in":[68,87,170],"paddy":[69,85],"cultivation.":[70],"Methods:":[71],"based":[75],"primary":[77],"data":[78],"collected":[79],"from":[80,142],"sample":[82],"389":[84],"farmers":[86],"four":[88],"districts":[89],"Tamil":[91],"Nadu,":[92],"India,":[93],"using":[94],"stochastic":[96],"frontier":[98],"model,":[99],"principal":[100],"component":[101],"analysis,":[102],"beta":[104],"regression":[105],"derive":[107],"estimates":[108],"socio-economic":[116],"determinants":[117],"efficiency.":[120],"Results":[121],"conclusion:":[123],"outcomes":[125],"show":[126,184],"that":[127,208],"was":[130,135],"86.5":[131],"percent,":[132],"there":[134],"significant":[136],"variation":[137],"among":[138],"farms":[140],"ranging":[141],"35.8%":[143],"99%.":[145],"Education,":[146],"family":[147,168],"size,":[148],"farming":[149],"experience,":[150],"training,":[151,264],"Uzhavan":[155],"App,":[156],"economic":[157],"motivation,":[158,197],"innovativeness":[160],"are":[161,201],"positively":[162],"associated":[163],"with":[164,229],"efficiency,":[166],"whereas":[167],"involvement":[169],"agriculture,":[171],"farmer-producer":[172],"organization":[173],"membership,":[174],"market":[175],"cropping":[178],"land,":[179],"information-seeking":[180],"behavior,":[181],"proactiveness":[183],"negative":[185],"associations.":[186],"Entrepreneurial":[187],"risk-taking,":[189],"autonomy,":[190],"need":[191],"for":[192,258],"achievement,":[193],"orientation,":[195],"achievement":[196],"behavior":[200],"statistically":[203],"significant.":[204],"These":[205],"findings":[206],"demonstrate":[207],"characteristics":[210],"do":[211],"uniformly":[213],"translate":[214],"into":[215,249],"greater":[216],"efficiency;":[218],"their":[219],"effects":[220],"depend":[221],"how":[223],"orientations":[227],"interact":[228],"management":[231],"resource-allocation":[233],"conditions.":[234],"Significance:":[235],"contributes":[238],"farm-efficiency":[240],"research":[241],"by":[242],"bringing":[243],"farmer-level":[244],"heterogeneity":[248],"explanation":[251],"offers":[256],"implications":[257],"designing":[259],"more":[260],"capability-oriented":[261],"extension,":[262],"market,":[263],"farm-management":[266],"interventions.":[267]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
