{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225747779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-05196-0","title":"Performance analysis of nature-based wastewater treatment (NBT) with native wetland species based on experimental and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) approach","display_name":"Performance analysis of nature-based wastewater treatment (NBT) with native wetland species based on experimental and generalized regression neural network (GRNN) approach","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225747779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-05196-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43621-026-05196-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-05196-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-05196-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179043","display_name":"Discover Sustainability","issn_l":"2662-9984","issn":["2662-9984"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-05196-0","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110875539","display_name":"Jayaraman Sethuraman Sudarsan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-4541","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-4541"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210092165","display_name":"National Institute of Construction Management and Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00gbrgx34","country_code":"IN","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4210092165","https://openalex.org/I4210134808"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. S. Sudarsan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Energy and Environment, NICMAR University.411045, Pune, Maharashtra, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6802-4541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Energy and Environment, NICMAR University.411045, Pune, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210092165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061586581","display_name":"Saroj Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8874-1860","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8874-1860"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799351866","display_name":"Government of India","ror":"https://ror.org/036h6g940","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405270522","display_name":"Ministry of Jal Shakti","ror":"https://ror.org/00vdfs625","country_code":"IN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405270522"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saroj Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["District Ganga Committee, National Mission for Clean Ganga, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India, Lakhimpur Kheri, U.P., 262701, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"District Ganga Committee, National Mission for Clean Ganga, Ministry of Jal Shakti, Government of India, Lakhimpur Kheri, U.P., 262701, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799351866","https://openalex.org/I4405270522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015770974","display_name":"Mugdha Kshirsagar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5364-2064","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5364-2064"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I244572783","display_name":"Symbiosis International University","ror":"https://ror.org/005r2ww51","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mugdha Kshirsagar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Civil Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University,412115, Pune, Maharashtra, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5364-2064","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Civil Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Symbiosis International Deemed University,412115, Pune, Maharashtra, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015770974"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I244572783"],"apc_list":{"value":1390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1390},"apc_paid":{"value":1390,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1390},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11624","display_name":"Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11624","display_name":"Constructed Wetlands for Wastewater Treatment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11781","display_name":"Wastewater Treatment and Reuse","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2311","display_name":"Waste Management and Disposal"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11119","display_name":"Urban Stormwater Management Solutions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57442070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221275","display_name":"Sewage treatment","level":2,"score":0.695900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6503999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67715294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170321","display_name":"Wetland","level":2,"score":0.6191999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94061648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336191","display_name":"Wastewater","level":2,"score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87717796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146326","display_name":"Environmental engineering","level":1,"score":0.5029000043869019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.4832000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4456999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.36820000410079956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780367215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376406","display_name":"Constructed wetland","level":3,"score":0.3564999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.34599998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190960625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058719","display_name":"Water treatment","level":2,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776133958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918366","display_name":"Vegetation (pathology)","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198302294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215624","display_name":"Biochemical oxygen demand","level":4,"score":0.28540000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88862950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11453","display_name":"Irrigation","level":2,"score":0.28349998593330383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76886044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2883300","display_name":"Hydrology (agriculture)","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.2542000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83546350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1139051","display_name":"Regression","level":2,"score":0.2513999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1284942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1929501","display_name":"Water level","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43621-026-05196-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-05196-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-05196-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179043","display_name":"Discover Sustainability","issn_l":"2662-9984","issn":["2662-9984"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s43621-026-05196-0","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-05196-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-05196-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179043","display_name":"Discover Sustainability","issn_l":"2662-9984","issn":["2662-9984"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319965","host_organization_name":"Springer Nature","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Discover Sustainability","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Constructed":[0],"wetlands":[1],"as":[2,54],"nature-based":[3,51,90,102,186],"treatments":[4,52],"bring":[5],"more":[6],"nature":[7],"and":[8,11,16,27,37,57,73,88,118,128,202,209,214],"natural":[9],"features":[10],"processes":[12],"to":[13,22,35,199,206,222],"the":[14,58,63,68,82,155,170,173,191,215,228],"cities":[15],"landscapes.":[17],"These":[18],"innovative":[19],"solutions":[20],"contribute":[21],"financial":[23],"growth,":[24],"promote":[25],"employment":[26],"upgrade":[28],"our":[29],"contentment.":[30],"Using":[31],"constructed":[32],"wetland":[33,188],"systems":[34],"recycle":[36],"reuse":[38],"wastewater":[39,236],"provides":[40],"an":[41,138],"alternative":[42],"water":[43],"resource":[44],"for":[45,120,123,126,130,234],"various":[46,76],"purposes.":[47],"The":[48,224],"vegetation":[49],"in":[50,152],"acts":[53],"swampland":[55],"filters":[56],"microorganisms":[59],"that":[60,101,227],"thrive":[61],"on":[62],"roots":[64],"do":[65],"most":[66],"of":[67,84,172,176,182,230],"work,":[69],"breaking":[70],"down":[71],"nitrogen":[72],"phosphorus":[74],"with":[75,106,111,141,154,184],"toxic":[77],"chemicals.":[78],"In":[79,204],"this":[80],"study,":[81],"performance":[83],"six":[85],"integrated":[86],"vegetated":[87],"non-vegetated":[89],"treatment":[91,103,187,237],"units":[92,104],"was":[93,165,197,212,218],"studied":[94],"at":[95,133],"different":[96,177,185],"retention":[97,135],"times.":[98,136],"Results":[99],"exhibited":[100],"planted":[105],"Typha":[107],"Latifolia":[108],"performed":[109],"better":[110],"a":[112,142,148,159,180],"reduction":[113],"efficiency":[114],"ranging":[115],"between":[116],"80":[117],"88%":[119],"BOD,":[121],"82\u201386%":[122],"COD,":[124,210],"67\u201372%":[125],"TP":[127],"75\u201380%":[129],"TN,":[131],"respectively,":[132],"all":[134],"However,":[137],"unplanted":[139],"unit":[140,157],"hollow":[143,160],"plastic":[144],"tube":[145],"(GPS)":[146],"indicated":[147],"higher":[149],"removal":[150,175],"percentage":[151],"comparison":[153],"GS":[156],"without":[158],"tube.":[161],"Further,":[162],"statistical":[163],"analysis":[164],"also":[166],"performed,":[167],"which":[168],"showed":[169],"reliability":[171],"proportion":[174],"parameters":[178],"over":[179],"period":[181],"time":[183],"units.":[189],"Lastly,":[190],"Generalized":[192],"Regression":[193],"Neural":[194],"Network":[195],"(GRNN)":[196],"designed":[198],"estimate":[200],"BOD":[201,208],"COD.":[203],"order":[205],"predict":[207],"GRNN":[211,231],"used,":[213],"obtained":[216],"RMSE":[217],"reduced":[219],"from":[220],"0.3511":[221],"0.3504.":[223],"findings":[225],"show":[226],"application":[229],"is":[232],"suitable":[233],"modelling":[235],"efficiency.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
