{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225747690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-33-539-2026","title":"Fractal attractor of the deep convection cycle in the northwest Mediterranean Sea","display_name":"Fractal attractor of the deep convection cycle in the northwest Mediterranean Sea","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225747690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-33-539-2026"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/npg-33-539-2026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-33-539-2026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-33-539-2026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190716948","display_name":"Nonlinear processes in geophysics","issn_l":"1023-5809","issn":["1023-5809","1607-7946"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-33-539-2026","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055293397","display_name":"Douglas Keller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1137-2745","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1137-2745"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141576021","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Le Havre Normandie","ror":"https://ror.org/05v509s40","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141576021","https://openalex.org/I4210105918"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142476485","display_name":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique","ror":"https://ror.org/05hy3tk52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142476485","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2746051580","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Sciences et Lettres","ror":"https://ror.org/013cjyk83","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39804081","display_name":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02en5vm52","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087306","display_name":"Laboratoire de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie Dynamique","ror":"https://ror.org/000ehr937","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I142476485","https://openalex.org/I142631665","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I29607241","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210087306","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210148025"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114102","display_name":"Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace","ror":"https://ror.org/02haar591","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210114102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4392021197","display_name":"Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes","ror":"https://ror.org/02sb3b652","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I141576021","https://openalex.org/I4210105918","https://openalex.org/I4392021197"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Keller Jr.","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Paris, France)","Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (Paris, France)","Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (Le Havre, France)","Laboratoire de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie Dynamique (Palaiseau, France)","Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (Paris, France)","Universit\u00e9 Le Havre Normandie (Le Havre, France)","Universit\u00e9 Paris Sciences et Lettres (Paris, France)","\u00c9cole Polytechnique (Palaiseau, France)"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1137-2745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Paris, France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace (Paris, France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114102"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire Ondes et Milieux Complexes (Le Havre, France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4392021197"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratoire de M\u00e9t\u00e9orologie Dynamique (Palaiseau, France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sorbonne Universit\u00e9 (Paris, France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39804081"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Le Havre Normandie (Le Havre, France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141576021"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Sciences et Lettres (Paris, France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"\u00c9cole Polytechnique (Palaiseau, France)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142476485"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055293397"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I141576021","https://openalex.org/I142476485","https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I39804081","https://openalex.org/I4210087306","https://openalex.org/I4210114102","https://openalex.org/I4392021197"],"apc_list":{"value":1310,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1412},"apc_paid":{"value":1310,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":1412},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"4","first_page":"539","last_page":"550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.9765999913215637,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":0.00800000037997961,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10360","display_name":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","score":0.002400000113993883,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779043415","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q986177","display_name":"Mediterranean sea","level":3,"score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.6230999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21790881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070117","display_name":"Deep sea","level":2,"score":0.5752999782562256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37933242","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931652","display_name":"Deep convection","level":3,"score":0.5514000058174133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78091846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463223","display_name":"Thermohaline circulation","level":2,"score":0.5285999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.5236999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.4964999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26546657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412452","display_name":"Fractal dimension","level":3,"score":0.4948999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.4878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133905733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2629238","display_name":"Multifractal system","level":3,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164380108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507187","display_name":"Attractor","level":2,"score":0.4821999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.4674000144004822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781291010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178580","display_name":"Period (music)","level":2,"score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110601934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172849","display_name":"Correlation dimension","level":4,"score":0.41429999470710754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4646841","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13996","display_name":"Mediterranean climate","level":2,"score":0.40459999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988134249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22932371","display_name":"Deep water","level":2,"score":0.3156999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138777275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884054","display_name":"Mixing (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2903999984264374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.2619999945163727}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5194/npg-33-539-2026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-33-539-2026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-33-539-2026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190716948","display_name":"Nonlinear processes in geophysics","issn_l":"1023-5809","issn":["1023-5809","1607-7946"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5194/npg-33-539-2026","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-33-539-2026","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/npg-33-539-2026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S190716948","display_name":"Nonlinear processes in geophysics","issn_l":"1023-5809","issn":["1023-5809","1607-7946"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310313756","host_organization_name":"Copernicus Publications","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310313756"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Copernicus Publications"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1670271594","https://openalex.org/W1937583410","https://openalex.org/W1964868534","https://openalex.org/W1965262908","https://openalex.org/W1975056775","https://openalex.org/W1990278749","https://openalex.org/W1991771523","https://openalex.org/W2011480660","https://openalex.org/W2013686371","https://openalex.org/W2016792277","https://openalex.org/W2018958057","https://openalex.org/W2019899263","https://openalex.org/W2024063950","https://openalex.org/W2029401646","https://openalex.org/W2033408814","https://openalex.org/W2035154844","https://openalex.org/W2072224206","https://openalex.org/W2079569314","https://openalex.org/W2081999581","https://openalex.org/W2086602757","https://openalex.org/W2469174066","https://openalex.org/W2507474678","https://openalex.org/W2522236573","https://openalex.org/W2524453878","https://openalex.org/W2530484505","https://openalex.org/W2564382028","https://openalex.org/W2612359349","https://openalex.org/W2617846651","https://openalex.org/W2619624483","https://openalex.org/W2737187869","https://openalex.org/W2754469795","https://openalex.org/W2769034697","https://openalex.org/W2791938103","https://openalex.org/W2995977059","https://openalex.org/W3004432981","https://openalex.org/W3109455958","https://openalex.org/W3216403784","https://openalex.org/W4226302752","https://openalex.org/W4243901644","https://openalex.org/W4401023070","https://openalex.org/W6945437108","https://openalex.org/W7225617696"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Deep":[0],"convection":[1],"in":[2,13,119],"the":[3,14,24,29,40,45,53,60,65,71,89,103,128,141],"Gulf":[4],"of":[5,44,55,83,98,136,143],"Lion":[6],"is":[7,74],"an":[8],"important":[9],"ocean":[10],"mixing":[11],"process":[12],"western":[15],"Mediterranean":[16,30],"Sea":[17],"caused":[18],"by":[19,88],"large":[20],"cooling":[21],"fluxes":[22],"at":[23],"sea":[25],"surface.":[26],"It":[27],"aids":[28],"thermohaline":[31],"circulation,":[32],"and":[33,50,121],"promotes":[34],"phytoplankton":[35],"blooming.":[36],"This":[37],"work":[38],"investigates":[39],"three":[41],"different":[42],"periods":[43],"process:":[46],"preconditioning,":[47],"deep":[48,90,104],"convecting,":[49],"restratification,":[51],"through":[52],"lens":[54],"fractal":[56],"attractor":[57],"analysis":[58,66],"with":[59,78,93,112,131],"local":[61,80,95,113,133],"correlation":[62,81,96,114,134],"dimension.":[63],"From":[64],"it":[67],"was":[68,127],"determined":[69],"that":[70],"preconditioning":[72],"period":[73,106,126],"most":[75],"predictable":[76,125],"period,":[77,92,130],"a":[79,94],"dimension":[82,97],"10":[84],"to":[85,100,138],"20,":[86],"followed":[87],"convecting":[91,105],"15":[99],"50.":[101],"However,":[102],"can":[107],"also":[108],"exhibit":[109],"random-process-like":[110],"behavior":[111],"dimensions":[115,135],"growing":[116],"exceedingly":[117],"high":[118],"April":[120],"May.":[122],"The":[123],"least":[124],"restratification":[129],"typical":[132],"35":[137],"90":[139],"near":[140],"end":[142],"restratification.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
