{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225745512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113965","title":"A Corduroy Road over Soft Ground: Load Spreading, a Log Sizing Rule, Service Life, and the Speed the Surface Allows","display_name":"A Corduroy Road over Soft Ground: Load Spreading, a Log Sizing Rule, Service Life, and the Speed the Surface Allows","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225745512","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113965"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24113965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113965","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159396451","display_name":"William Alexander Aldred","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldred, William Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159396451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.7577999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13236","display_name":"Geotechnical and construction materials studies","score":0.7577999830245972,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11978","display_name":"Soil Mechanics and Vehicle Dynamics","score":0.1111999973654747,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.07450000196695328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110245778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169658","display_name":"Serviceability (structure)","level":2,"score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.5406000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1080291","display_name":"Sizing","level":2,"score":0.4657000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87210426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072476","display_name":"Bending","level":2,"score":0.4352000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103208741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1675349","display_name":"Service life","level":2,"score":0.42829999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186096623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5610964","display_name":"Ground pressure","level":2,"score":0.4092999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780042925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049667","display_name":"Road surface","level":2,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135677250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3319673","display_name":"Bearing capacity","level":2,"score":0.4025999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3856000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777946747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q340755","display_name":"Axle load","level":3,"score":0.3506999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21036866","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181767","display_name":"Stress (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70673446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857244","display_name":"Bending moment","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180016635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712821","display_name":"Compression (physics)","level":2,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17116066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2034862","display_name":"Factor of safety","level":2,"score":0.31630000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203373105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7880286","display_name":"Ultimate load","level":3,"score":0.3122999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3283095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1340282","display_name":"Load factor","level":2,"score":0.28130000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135692309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q111124","display_name":"Square (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.274399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126950237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7964839","display_name":"Structural load","level":2,"score":0.26649999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781355719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2080698","display_name":"Deflection (physics)","level":2,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94296324","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2234301","display_name":"Skid (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.25679999589920044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.2567000091075897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24113965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24113966","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113966","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113966","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24113965","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113965","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24113965","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"corduroy":[1,296,318,326],"road":[2,48,82,250,349,375],"\u2014":[3,10,214,241,357,371],"logs":[4,42,67,76,188],"laid":[5],"crosswise,":[6],"side":[7,9],"by":[8,74,100,122],"is":[11,72,95,113,148,193,207,340,345],"one":[12,26],"of":[13,27,105,117,142,160,167,200,216,226,291,335,355],"the":[14,28,35,41,47,75,81,96,103,106,110,114,118,125,145,170,187,222,249,258,275,289,338,341,347,365,373],"oldest":[15],"answers":[16],"to":[17,21,229,285],"ground":[18,259,329,359],"too":[19],"soft":[20,136],"carry":[22],"a":[23,62,69,130,151,157,164,176,197,230,311,351],"wheel,":[24],"and":[25,50,83,109,174,235,262,325,332,368,372],"least":[29],"quantified.":[30],"This":[31],"paper":[32],"computes":[33],"what":[34],"log":[36,87,107,155],"layer":[37],"does,":[38],"how":[39,45,51],"large":[40],"must":[43,251],"be,":[44],"long":[46],"lasts,":[49],"fast":[52],"anything":[53],"may":[54],"travel":[55],"on":[56,135],"it.":[57],"The":[58,270],"load-spreading":[59],"model":[60],"gives":[61],"simple":[63],"sizing":[64],"rule:":[65],"with":[66,138,297,319],"touching,":[68],"wheel":[70,97,119,133,179],"load":[71,98,120,134,180],"shared":[73],"within":[77],"four":[78],"diameters":[79],"along":[80,85],"spread":[84],"each":[86],"over":[88,300,327],"8.8":[89],"diameters,":[90],"so":[91],"mean":[92],"soil":[93,127,158,219],"pressure":[94,141,159,220],"divided":[99,121],"35.2":[101,123],"times":[102,124],"square":[104,115],"diameter,":[108],"required":[111,146],"diameter":[112,147,217],"root":[116],"allowable":[126,140,223],"pressure.":[128],"For":[129],"20":[131],"kN":[132,178],"peat":[137],"an":[139],"22.5":[143],"kPa,":[144,163],"0.159":[149],"m;":[150],"standard":[152],"0.25":[153],"m":[154],"produces":[156],"only":[161,182,264],"9.1":[162],"safety":[165],"factor":[166],"4.95":[168],"against":[169,196],"ultimate":[171],"bearing":[172],"capacity,":[173],"even":[175],"35":[177,201],"needs":[181],"0.210":[183],"m.":[184],"Bending":[185],"in":[186,245,333,350],"does":[189],"not":[190],"govern:":[191],"stress":[192],"1.0":[194],"MPa":[195],"green-timber":[198],"strength":[199,240],"MPa.":[202],"What":[203],"governs":[204],"service":[205],"life":[206,212],"settlement.":[208],"Of":[209],"three":[210],"stated":[211],"limits":[213],"loss":[215],"until":[218],"reaches":[221],"value,":[224],"growth":[225],"surface":[227],"undulation":[228,242],"45":[231],"mm":[232],"serviceability":[233],"limit,":[234],"bending":[236],"failure":[237],"under":[238],"decaying":[239],"arrives":[243],"first":[244],"both":[246,334],"climates":[247],"modelled:":[248],"be":[252],"re-laid":[253],"after":[254,263],"15.0":[255],"years":[256,266],"where":[257,267],"stays":[260,361],"waterlogged":[261],"6.0":[265],"it":[268],"drains.":[269],"ride":[271],"limit":[272],"follows":[273],"from":[274],"same":[276],"undulation:":[277],"16.2":[278],"km/h":[279,287],"for":[280],"comfort":[281],"when":[282],"new,":[283],"falling":[284],"9.4":[286],"at":[288,303,315,364],"end":[290],"life.":[292],"On":[293],"annualised":[294],"cost,":[295],"on-site":[298],"timber":[299,321,363],"wet":[301,358],"ground,":[302],"633":[304],"dollars":[305,324],"per":[306,308],"kilometre":[307],"year,":[309],"beats":[310],"raised":[312],"gravel":[313],"causeway":[314,339],"1,267":[316],"dollars;":[317],"hauled-in":[320],"costs":[322],"1,467":[323],"drained":[328],"1,583":[330],"dollars,":[331],"those":[336],"cases":[337],"better":[342],"purchase.":[343],"Corduroy":[344],"therefore":[346],"right":[348],"narrow,":[352],"statable":[353],"set":[354],"conditions":[356],"that":[360],"wet,":[362],"roadside,":[366],"light":[367],"slow":[369],"traffic":[370],"wrong":[374],"outside":[376],"them.":[377]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}