{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225744894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-026-10934-x","title":"Phonological awareness and sex in early literacy: no detectable sex differences in a digital game-based battery in Brazilian Portuguese","display_name":"Phonological awareness and sex in early literacy: no detectable sex differences in a digital game-based battery in Brazilian Portuguese","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225744894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-026-10934-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11145-026-10934-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-026-10934-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-026-10934-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94640471","display_name":"Reading and Writing","issn_l":"0922-4777","issn":["0922-4777","1573-0905"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reading and Writing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-026-10934-x","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028436765","display_name":"Tiago Jos\u00e9 Benedito Eug\u00eanio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2280-7079","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2280-7079"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88273585","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02k5swt12","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88273585"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tiago Jos\u00e9 Benedito Eug\u00eanio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2280-7079","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88273585"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067283249","display_name":"Denise de MICHELI","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8546-4354","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8546-4354"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88273585","display_name":"Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/02k5swt12","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88273585"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Denise De Micheli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8546-4354","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychobiology, Universidade Federal de S\u00e3o Paulo, S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88273585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028436765"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88273585"],"apc_list":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"apc_paid":{"value":3290,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3290},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10730","display_name":"Language Development and Disorders","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13061","display_name":"Literacy and Educational Practices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.76419997215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777701204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1563374","display_name":"Phonological awareness","level":3,"score":0.6353999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35219183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5146","display_name":"Portuguese","level":2,"score":0.4821999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150670947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43091","display_name":"Orthography","level":3,"score":0.4478999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777231075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178715","display_name":"Rhyme","level":3,"score":0.421099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778880076","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750553","display_name":"Brazilian Portuguese","level":3,"score":0.4056999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C547764534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8236","display_name":"Literacy","level":2,"score":0.35670000314712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.35120001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89267518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179488","display_name":"Psycholinguistics","level":3,"score":0.3472999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.32170000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61427482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6656244","display_name":"Anthropometry","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777646416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242069","display_name":"Digital literacy","level":2,"score":0.2930000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781202465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18346297","display_name":"Lexical diversity","level":3,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780553607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684868","display_name":"Attrition","level":2,"score":0.27410000562667847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148934300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40998","display_name":"Phonology","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62737587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939179","display_name":"Vocabulary development","level":3,"score":0.26919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53059260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374758","display_name":"Multilevel model","level":2,"score":0.25929999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137584468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35395","display_name":"Phonetics","level":2,"score":0.25690001249313354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11145-026-10934-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-026-10934-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-026-10934-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94640471","display_name":"Reading and Writing","issn_l":"0922-4777","issn":["0922-4777","1573-0905"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reading and Writing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s11145-026-10934-x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-026-10934-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-026-10934-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S94640471","display_name":"Reading and Writing","issn_l":"0922-4777","issn":["0922-4777","1573-0905"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Reading and Writing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503240335","https://openalex.org/W1521158691","https://openalex.org/W1910113017","https://openalex.org/W1965508252","https://openalex.org/W2012202898","https://openalex.org/W2032344422","https://openalex.org/W2035480835","https://openalex.org/W2045597501","https://openalex.org/W2060451083","https://openalex.org/W2060511977","https://openalex.org/W2078023023","https://openalex.org/W2085348083","https://openalex.org/W2109352893","https://openalex.org/W2122148443","https://openalex.org/W2131785404","https://openalex.org/W2142733603","https://openalex.org/W2158003430","https://openalex.org/W2158151540","https://openalex.org/W2190547237","https://openalex.org/W2195402852","https://openalex.org/W2505455281","https://openalex.org/W2578842521","https://openalex.org/W2807813414","https://openalex.org/W2856335781","https://openalex.org/W2890596974","https://openalex.org/W2908384425","https://openalex.org/W3175145615","https://openalex.org/W3210121476","https://openalex.org/W4243312388","https://openalex.org/W4286560660","https://openalex.org/W4310602715","https://openalex.org/W4311789086","https://openalex.org/W4317214756","https://openalex.org/W4317618548","https://openalex.org/W4360950003","https://openalex.org/W4385420055","https://openalex.org/W4385781007","https://openalex.org/W4386782677","https://openalex.org/W4389256029","https://openalex.org/W7224344163"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Phonological":[1],"awareness":[2],"(PA)":[3],"is":[4,45],"one":[5],"of":[6,10,86,91,108,131,205,212,246],"the":[7,109,114,132,136,169,213,216,220,230,239,241],"strongest":[8],"predictors":[9],"reading":[11],"and":[12,162,189,252],"writing":[13],"acquisition.":[14],"Small":[15],"female":[16],"advantages":[17],"have":[18],"been":[19],"reported":[20],"in":[21,27,42,55,249,262],"related":[22],"verbal":[23],"domains":[24],"\u2014":[25,35,84],"chiefly":[26],"tasks":[28],"whose":[29],"response":[30],"modality":[31],"involves":[32],"oral":[33,68],"production":[34],"but":[36],"evidence":[37,245],"directly":[38],"assessing":[39],"sex":[40,51,200,236],"differences":[41,52,103],"PA":[43],"itself":[44],"scarce.":[46],"This":[47],"study":[48],"examined":[49],"whether":[50],"would":[53],"emerge":[54],"a":[56,202,257],"seven-game":[57],"digital":[58],"battery":[59],"(JILEC-1),":[60],"answered":[61],"exclusively":[62],"through":[63],"touchscreen":[64],"selection":[65],"with":[66,98,215,229],"no":[67,101],"production,":[69],"administered":[70],"to":[71,81,168,259],"632":[72],"Brazilian":[73,87],"children":[74],"(328":[75],"girls;":[76],"304":[77],"boys)":[78],"from":[79],"Kindergarten":[80],"Grade":[82,151,223],"2":[83],"speakers":[85],"Portuguese,":[88],"an":[89,165],"orthography":[90],"intermediate":[92],"depth.":[93],"Using":[94],"Welch\u2019s":[95],"t":[96],"tests":[97],"Holm":[99],"correction,":[100],"significant":[102],"were":[104,182],"observed":[105],"on":[106,113],"any":[107],"seven":[110],"games":[111],"or":[112,156],"composite":[115],"score":[116],"(Game":[117],"Progress":[118],"Index,":[119],"GPI;":[120],"d":[121,126,139],"=":[122,127,140,154,160,187,194,226],"0.035\u20130.124;":[123],"minimum":[124],"detectable":[125],"0.22;":[128],"upper":[129],"bound":[130],"95%":[133],"CI":[134],"for":[135,164,238],"overall":[137],"index:":[138],"0.23).":[141],"The":[142],"pattern":[143],"did":[144],"not":[145],"vary":[146],"across":[147,235],"grades":[148],"(Sex":[149],"\u00d7":[150],"interaction:":[152],"p":[153,159],".313)":[155],"schools":[157],"(":[158],".949),":[161],"held":[163],"index":[166],"restricted":[167],"five":[170],"PA-proper":[171],"games.":[172],"Exploratory":[173],"component":[174],"analyses":[175],"revealed":[176],"opposing,":[177],"mutually":[178],"cancelling":[179],"profiles:":[180],"girls":[181],"slightly":[183,191],"more":[184],"accurate":[185],"(d":[186,193,225],"0.103)":[188],"boys":[190],"faster":[192],"\u2212":[195],"0.035).":[196],"In":[197],"hierarchical":[198],"regression,":[199],"contributed":[201],"partial":[203],"R\u00b2":[204],"0.6%,":[206],"whereas":[207],"school":[208],"grade":[209],"explained":[210],"49%":[211],"variance,":[214],"largest":[217],"gain":[218],"at":[219],"transition":[221],"into":[222],"1":[224],"1.47).":[227],"Combined":[228],"full":[231],"scalar":[232],"measurement":[233,248],"invariance":[234],"documented":[237],"battery,":[240],"results":[242],"provide":[243],"initial":[244],"sex-equitable":[247],"this":[250],"format":[251,255,264],"position":[253],"assessment":[254],"as":[256],"hypothesis":[258],"be":[260],"tested":[261],"direct":[263],"comparisons.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}