{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225744508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jpsea2.pseng-2359","title":"Real-Time Monitoring of Vacuum Leaks in Condenser Pipes Using Ultrasonic Acoustic Signals","display_name":"Real-Time Monitoring of Vacuum Leaks in Condenser Pipes Using Ultrasonic Acoustic Signals","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225744508","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jpsea2.pseng-2359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1061/jpsea2.pseng-2359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jpsea2.pseng-2359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jpsea2.pseng-2359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207723316","display_name":"Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice","issn_l":"1949-1190","issn":["1949-1190","1949-1204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048797696","display_name":"Alok Kumar Singh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3651-0485","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3651-0485"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alok Kumar Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122909650","display_name":"Nagesh Dewangan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-0478","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-0478"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nagesh Dewangan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6590-0478","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031510710","display_name":"Amiya Ranjan Mohanty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3439-977X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3439-977X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145894827","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","ror":"https://ror.org/03w5sq511","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amiya Ranjan Mohanty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145894827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.763700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12169","display_name":"Non-Destructive Testing Techniques","score":0.763700008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10662","display_name":"Ultrasonics and Acoustic Wave Propagation","score":0.06560000032186508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11220","display_name":"Water Systems and Optimization","score":0.04010000079870224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349983","display_name":"Leak","level":2,"score":0.7856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780934509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571589","display_name":"Condenser (optics)","level":3,"score":0.7336000204086304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.6962000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81288441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20736125","display_name":"Ultrasonic sensor","level":2,"score":0.6891000270843506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778263558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46384","display_name":"Microphone","level":3,"score":0.6761999726295471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987355568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4420957","display_name":"Leak detection","level":3,"score":0.608299970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777042071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6509304","display_name":"Leakage (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21200559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451068","display_name":"Sensitivity (control systems)","level":2,"score":0.39980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.39149999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174598085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q746673","display_name":"Acoustic emission","level":2,"score":0.38989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3443000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139730468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779355","display_name":"Ultrasonic testing","level":3,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204530211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752823","display_name":"Thermal","level":2,"score":0.32330000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775846686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q643012","display_name":"Condition monitoring","level":2,"score":0.3098999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71907059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223323","display_name":"Root mean square","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778449969","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130760","display_name":"Turbine","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8590192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1054694","display_name":"Frequency response","level":2,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.28360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776902269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165493","display_name":"Continuous monitoring","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50517652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179635","display_name":"Heat transfer","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543985983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4674720","display_name":"Acoustic theory","level":2,"score":0.25099998712539673}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1061/jpsea2.pseng-2359","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jpsea2.pseng-2359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jpsea2.pseng-2359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207723316","display_name":"Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice","issn_l":"1949-1190","issn":["1949-1190","1949-1204"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315747","host_organization_name":"American Society of Civil Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315747"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Society of Civil Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W411374146","https://openalex.org/W1976069714","https://openalex.org/W2005154074","https://openalex.org/W2006536100","https://openalex.org/W2007679578","https://openalex.org/W2015841040","https://openalex.org/W2022840226","https://openalex.org/W2045099456","https://openalex.org/W2048135057","https://openalex.org/W2061998517","https://openalex.org/W2068525794","https://openalex.org/W2077014237","https://openalex.org/W2111597484","https://openalex.org/W2168952332","https://openalex.org/W2169565444","https://openalex.org/W2561115530","https://openalex.org/W2745606177","https://openalex.org/W2767874148","https://openalex.org/W2811101023","https://openalex.org/W3000503970","https://openalex.org/W3021139004","https://openalex.org/W3031760975","https://openalex.org/W3113092751","https://openalex.org/W3124005322","https://openalex.org/W3144688129","https://openalex.org/W3200984719","https://openalex.org/W3206104080","https://openalex.org/W4235715500","https://openalex.org/W4281964081","https://openalex.org/W4310716517","https://openalex.org/W4312943501","https://openalex.org/W4316926732","https://openalex.org/W4388591095","https://openalex.org/W4389581918","https://openalex.org/W4391509179","https://openalex.org/W4392915066","https://openalex.org/W4399458005","https://openalex.org/W4407776652","https://openalex.org/W4410472935"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Vacuums":[1],"in":[2,47,55,218],"air-cooled":[3],"condensers":[4],"(ACCs)":[5],"are":[6],"essential":[7],"for":[8,83,177,247],"maintaining":[9],"the":[10,62,111,125,168,174,185,205],"efficient":[11],"operation":[12],"of":[13,64,128,157,162,250],"thermal":[14],"power":[15],"plants.":[16],"Air":[17],"ingress":[18,86],"caused":[19],"by":[20],"vacuum":[21,52],"leaks":[22],"increases":[23],"condenser":[24,89,237,252],"pressure,":[25,33],"degrades":[26],"heat":[27],"transfer":[28],"performance,":[29],"raises":[30],"turbine":[31],"back":[32],"and":[34,67,107,160,239],"ultimately":[35],"reduces":[36],"plant":[37],"efficiency.":[38],"Previous":[39],"research":[40],"has":[41],"primarily":[42],"focused":[43],"on":[44,141,236],"leak":[45,53,79,144,178,206,223],"detection":[46,54,80,197,224],"pressurized":[48],"pipeline":[49],"systems,":[50],"whereas":[51],"ACCs":[56],"remains":[57],"largely":[58],"unexplored":[59],"due":[60],"to":[61,102,201],"limitations":[63],"existing":[65],"techniques":[66],"harsh":[68],"industrial":[69],"operating":[70],"conditions.":[71],"This":[72],"paper":[73],"proposes":[74],"a":[75,151,240],"portable":[76],"real-time":[77,222,248],"ultrasonic":[78,92,100,170],"(RULD)":[81],"system":[82,97,211,232],"detecting":[84],"air":[85],"into":[87],"vacuum-operated":[88,251],"pipes":[90,238],"using":[91,110],"acoustic":[93,105,215],"signals.":[94],"The":[95,164,180,208,230],"proposed":[96,231],"employs":[98],"three":[99],"microphones":[101,132],"acquire":[103],"leak-generated":[104],"signals":[106],"processes":[108],"them":[109],"root":[112],"mean":[113],"square":[114],"(RMS)":[115],"method":[116],"with":[117,191],"adaptive":[118],"noise-based":[119],"thresholds.":[120,136],"Leakage":[121],"is":[122],"identified":[123],"when":[124],"RMS":[126,187],"values":[127],"at":[129],"least":[130],"two":[131],"exceed":[133],"their":[134],"respective":[135],"Experimental":[137],"investigations":[138],"were":[139],"conducted":[140],"four":[142],"irregular":[143],"geometries":[145],"(hydraulic":[146],"diameters":[147],"1.19\u20131.43":[148],"mm)":[149],"under":[150],"0.5-bar":[152],"vacuum,":[153],"considering":[154],"microphone":[155,182,193],"distances":[156],"5\u201320":[158],"cm":[159,203],"angles":[161],"0\u00b0\u201390\u00b0.":[163],"results":[165],"showed":[166],"that":[167],"20\u201340-kHz":[169],"frequency":[171],"band":[172],"provides":[173],"highest":[175],"sensitivity":[176],"detection.":[179],"0\u00b0":[181],"orientation":[183],"produced":[184],"maximum":[186],"response,":[188],"which":[189],"decreased":[190],"increasing":[192],"angle,":[194],"while":[195],"reliable":[196],"was":[198,233],"achieved":[199],"up":[200],"10\u201315":[202],"from":[204],"source.":[207],"developed":[209],"RULD":[210],"processed":[212],"each":[213],"1-s":[214],"data":[216,228],"segment":[217],"0.0009":[219],"ms,":[220],"enabling":[221],"without":[225],"interrupting":[226],"subsequent":[227],"acquisition.":[229],"further":[234],"validated":[235],"prototype":[241],"ACC":[242],"model,":[243],"demonstrating":[244],"its":[245],"suitability":[246],"monitoring":[249],"systems.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}