{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225742885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2026022208","title":"Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Incidence of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Across the Age Spectrum","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Differences in the Incidence of Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis Across the Age Spectrum","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225742885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2026022208"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2026022208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2026022208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2026022208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764683450","display_name":"Blood Advances","issn_l":"2473-9529","issn":["2473-9529","2473-9537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2026022208","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108573220","display_name":"Jessica Velazquez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-8744","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4384-8744"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Velazquez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baylor College of Medicine, HOUSTON, Texas, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baylor College of Medicine, HOUSTON, Texas, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006630838","display_name":"Michael E. Scheurer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8379-6088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8379-6088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150468666","display_name":"Emory University","ror":"https://ror.org/03czfpz43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael E Scheurer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8379-6088","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150468666"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006923130","display_name":"Kenneth L. McClain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-6263","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-6263"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth L McClain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0725-6263","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006499960","display_name":"Carl E. Allen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6625-739X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6625-739X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2241-5712"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carl E Allen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007826149","display_name":"Erin C. Peckham\u2010Gregory","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7593-8381","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7593-8381"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I181547552","display_name":"Baylor College of Medicine","ror":"https://ror.org/02pttbw34","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I181547552","https://openalex.org/I2801539370"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erin Peckham-Gregory","raw_affiliation_strings":["Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I181547552"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"apc_paid":{"value":3800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3800},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11909","display_name":"Histiocytic Disorders and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11909","display_name":"Histiocytic Disorders and Treatments","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10980","display_name":"Vascular Malformations and Hemangiomas","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11616","display_name":"Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2720","display_name":"Hematology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8032000064849854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777484599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q374036","display_name":"Langerhans cell histiocytosis","level":3,"score":0.7423999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.6169000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.5367000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205545832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156455","display_name":"Young adult","level":2,"score":0.5303999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.5105000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.49799999594688416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.4781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C986699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7939","display_name":"El Ni\u00f1o","level":2,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986834420","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5932254","display_name":"Age groups","level":2,"score":0.2937999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777767895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4691924","display_name":"Age of onset","level":3,"score":0.27140000462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776295783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5264831","display_name":"Desmoplastic small-round-cell tumor","level":3,"score":0.26980000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780174970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411740","display_name":"Histiocytosis","level":3,"score":0.2676999866962433}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2026022208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2026022208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2026022208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764683450","display_name":"Blood Advances","issn_l":"2473-9529","issn":["2473-9529","2473-9537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1182/bloodadvances.2026022208","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2026022208","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2026022208","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764683450","display_name":"Blood Advances","issn_l":"2473-9529","issn":["2473-9529","2473-9537"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-40","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Blood Advances","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Langerhans":[0],"cell":[1],"histiocytosis":[2],"(LCH)":[3],"is":[4,30,37],"an":[5,10],"inflammatory":[6],"myeloid":[7],"neoplasia":[8],"with":[9,143],"annual":[11],"incidence":[12,29,47,69,119,227],"of":[13,133,228],"5":[14],"cases":[15,22,142,193],"per":[16,23],"million":[17,24],"children":[18,152,161,201,209],"<15":[19],"and":[20,78,84,98,116,122,138,169,179,204,237],"1-2":[21],"adults":[25,170,180],"\u226518.":[26],"Pediatric":[27],"LCH":[28,46,68,144,156,244],"known":[31,38],"to":[32,44,159,176,207],"vary":[33],"by":[34,48,80],"race/ethnicity;":[35],"less":[36],"among":[39,191,199],"adults.":[40,238],"Therefore,":[41],"we":[42],"sought":[43],"compare":[45],"race/ethnicity":[49,102],"in":[50,147,234,243],"the":[51,56,62,75,148,195,225,247],"United":[52],"States":[53],"(US)":[54],"across":[55,246],"age":[57,81,248],"spectrum":[58],"using":[59,129],"data":[60,70],"from":[61,74],"US":[63],"Cancer":[64],"Statistics":[65],"(USCS)":[66],"database.":[67,150],"(2010-2022)":[71],"were":[72,127,145,198],"obtained":[73],"USCS":[76,149],"database":[77],"stratified":[79],"at":[82],"diagnosis":[83],"race/ethnicity.":[85],"Age":[86],"was":[87],"defined":[88],"as":[89,103],"childhood":[90,192],"(0-14":[91],"years),":[92,97],"adolescent/young":[93],"adult":[94,99,140],"(AYA;":[95],"15-39":[96],"(40+":[100],"years);":[101],"non-Hispanic":[104,107,109,112],"White":[105],"(NHW),":[106],"Black,":[108],"Asian/Pacific":[110],"Islander,":[111],"American":[113],"Indian/Alaska":[114],"Native,":[115],"Hispanic.":[117],"Age-adjusted":[118],"rate-ratios":[120],"(IRRs)":[121],"95%":[123,163,182,186,211,215],"confidence":[124],"intervals":[125],"(CIs)":[126],"calculated":[128],"SEER*Stat.":[130],"A":[131,189],"total":[132],"4,080":[134],"childhood,":[135],"1,399":[136],"AYA,":[137],"1,819":[139],"incident":[141],"identified":[146],"Hispanic":[151,167,200,218,235],"experienced":[153],"significantly":[154,172],"higher":[155],"IRRs":[157,174],"compared":[158,175,206],"NHW":[160,208],"(IRRHispanic_children_0to14=1.16,":[162],"CI:":[164,183,187,212,216],"1.08-1.24),":[165],"while":[166],"AYAs":[168,178,236],"exhibited":[171],"lower":[173],"NHWs":[177],"(IRRHispanic_AYAs_15to39=0.74,":[181],"0.64-0.85;":[184],"IRRHispanic_adults_40+=0.54,":[185],"0.45-0.65).":[188],"sub-analysis":[190],"demonstrated":[194],"strongest":[196],"effects":[197],"aged":[202],"1-4":[203],"5-9":[205],"(IRRHispanic_children_1to4=1.35,":[210],"1.20-1.51;":[213],"IRRHispanic_children_5to9=1.16,":[214],"1.01-1.33).":[217],"children,":[219],"particularly":[220],"those":[221],"1-9":[222],"years,":[223],"experience":[224],"highest":[226],"LCH;":[229],"a":[230],"trend":[231],"not":[232],"observed":[233],"These":[239],"findings":[240],"suggest":[241],"differences":[242],"etiology":[245],"spectrum.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}