{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225741267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24096245","title":"Does Sport Need to Evolve? Physical Differences, Fair Opportunity, and a Roadmap for Change","display_name":"Does Sport Need to Evolve? Physical Differences, Fair Opportunity, and a Roadmap for Change","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225741267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24096245"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24096245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24096245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24096245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24096245","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120974983","display_name":"irfan Boko","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5653-1027","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5653-1027"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Boko, Irfan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120974983"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Sociology, History and Politics of Sport","score":0.6128000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13296","display_name":"Sociology, History and Politics of Sport","score":0.6128000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11674","display_name":"Sports Analytics and Performance","score":0.20479999482631683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12948","display_name":"Inclusion and Disability in Education and Sport","score":0.04960000142455101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.6739000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4781999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.47589999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12310021","display_name":"Subject (documents)","level":2,"score":0.44839999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.3693000078201294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3513999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020759390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880694","display_name":"Behaviour change","level":3,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14224292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13600188","display_name":"Conceptual framework","level":2,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.29429998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.27070000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13606891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623243","display_name":"Conceptual model","level":2,"score":0.2653000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.25380000472068787}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24096245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24096245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24096245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24096246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24096246","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24096246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24096245","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24096245","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24096245","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Sport":[0],"provides":[1],"a":[2,76,143],"setting":[3],"in":[4,92],"which":[5,55],"people":[6],"test":[7],"their":[8,37],"physical":[9,87],"capacities,":[10],"effort,":[11],"technical":[12],"skills,":[13],"and":[14,43,51,74,98,118,123,145],"decision-making":[15],"abilities":[16],"under":[17],"shared":[18],"rules.":[19],"However,":[20],"being":[21],"subject":[22],"to":[23,35],"the":[24,70],"same":[25],"rules":[26,42],"does":[27],"not":[28],"necessarily":[29],"give":[30],"different":[31],"bodies":[32],"equivalent":[33],"opportunities":[34],"demonstrate":[36],"abilities.":[38],"The":[39,100],"interaction":[40],"between":[41],"characteristics":[44],"such":[45],"as":[46],"height,":[47],"body":[48,52],"mass,":[49],"reach,":[50],"proportions":[53],"influences":[54],"attributes":[56],"translate":[57],"into":[58],"success.":[59],"This":[60],"article":[61,141],"examines":[62],"how":[63],"that":[64,84,150],"relationship":[65],"can":[66,151],"be":[67,90,152],"assessed":[68],"from":[69],"perspective":[71],"of":[72,94],"fairness":[73],"proposes":[75],"sport-specific":[77],"research":[78],"framework.":[79],"Its":[80],"central":[81],"principle":[82],"is":[83],"restrictions":[85],"on":[86],"differences":[88],"should":[89],"justified":[91],"terms":[93],"safety,":[95],"meaningful":[96],"competition,":[97],"participation.":[99],"proposed":[101],"roadmap":[102],"includes":[103],"assessing":[104],"existing":[105],"conditions,":[106],"conducting":[107],"comparative":[108],"pilot":[109],"studies,":[110],"evaluating":[111],"multiple":[112],"outcomes,":[113],"ensuring":[114],"athletes\u2019":[115],"ongoing":[116],"involvement,":[117],"openly":[119],"reporting":[120,137],"findings.":[121],"Youth":[122],"community":[124],"sport":[125],"are":[126],"considered":[127],"promising":[128],"starting":[129],"points":[130],"for":[131],"investigating":[132],"alternative":[133],"arrangements.":[134],"Rather":[135],"than":[136],"experimental":[138],"findings,":[139],"this":[140],"offers":[142],"conceptual":[144],"methodological":[146],"contribution":[147],"through":[148],"proposals":[149],"empirically":[153],"tested.":[154]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}