{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225739920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.70769","title":"In Situ Kinetic Study on Phase Transformations During the Annealing of Ductile Iron Pipes","display_name":"In Situ Kinetic Study on Phase Transformations During the Annealing of Ductile Iron Pipes","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225739920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.70769"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/srin.70769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.70769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.70769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34395325","display_name":"steel research international","issn_l":"1611-3683","issn":["1611-3683","1869-344X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"steel research international","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110123221","display_name":"Ganchao Zhai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ganchao Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6708-0848","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161363544","display_name":"Changhui Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150487","display_name":"Xinxing Pipes International Development (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pdjr931","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150487"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changhui Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co., Ltd.  Handan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co., Ltd.  Handan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143687836","display_name":"Yongfeng Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150487","display_name":"Xinxing Pipes International Development (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/04pdjr931","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150487"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongfeng Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co., Ltd.  Handan China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xinxing Ductile Iron Pipes Co., Ltd.  Handan China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150487"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161383341","display_name":"Boxian Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boxian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004858393","display_name":"\u9648\u6e58\u8339","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangru Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085303806","display_name":"Qijie Zhai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-7710","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4736-7710"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qijie Zhai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Materials for Advanced Nuclear Energy School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University  Shanghai China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3500,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3500},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10386","display_name":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","score":0.7099999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10386","display_name":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","score":0.7099999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14128","display_name":"Metallurgical and Alloy Processes","score":0.18870000541210175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2500","display_name":"General Materials Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12358","display_name":"Thermal and Kinetic Analysis","score":0.025200000032782555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781297133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189335","display_name":"Cementite","level":4,"score":0.9814000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5701217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387723","display_name":"Pearlite","level":4,"score":0.8683000206947327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777855556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4339544","display_name":"Annealing (glass)","level":2,"score":0.7954000234603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161680532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185011","display_name":"Isothermal transformation diagram","level":5,"score":0.6291999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133347239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486921","display_name":"Isothermal process","level":2,"score":0.5896999835968018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.567300021648407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135889238","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46276","display_name":"Kinetic energy","level":2,"score":0.5090000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.5019000172615051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779698641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5309","display_name":"Graphite","level":2,"score":0.5011000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29478642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q923944","display_name":"Ledeburite","level":5,"score":0.31700000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.30649998784065247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779260511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q122490","display_name":"Ductile iron","level":3,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96288455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487286","display_name":"Austenite","level":3,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.2800000011920929}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/srin.70769","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.70769","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/srin.70769","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S34395325","display_name":"steel research international","issn_l":"1611-3683","issn":["1611-3683","1869-344X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"steel research international","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979043909","https://openalex.org/W2008198208","https://openalex.org/W2017782927","https://openalex.org/W2024908520","https://openalex.org/W2032287597","https://openalex.org/W2054740710","https://openalex.org/W2056320034","https://openalex.org/W2080363394","https://openalex.org/W2606290322","https://openalex.org/W2744769455","https://openalex.org/W2921704131","https://openalex.org/W2953714114","https://openalex.org/W2974956820","https://openalex.org/W3128126316","https://openalex.org/W3137691540","https://openalex.org/W3148401394","https://openalex.org/W4214913764","https://openalex.org/W4280589814","https://openalex.org/W4288426662","https://openalex.org/W4376130059","https://openalex.org/W4388268606","https://openalex.org/W4397031376","https://openalex.org/W4405512510","https://openalex.org/W7126240773"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Ductile":[0],"iron":[1],"pipes":[2],"(DIPs)":[3],"are":[4,16],"widely":[5],"used":[6],"in":[7,61,179],"water":[8],"supply":[9],"networks,":[10],"and":[11,14,46,103,192],"their":[12],"microstructure":[13],"performance":[15],"strongly":[17],"influenced":[18],"by":[19],"the":[20,32,36,39,63,98,137,162,171,180,190],"annealing":[21,71,164,181],"process.":[22],"Previous":[23],"studies":[24],"have":[25],"mainly":[26],"focused":[27],"on":[28,149],"isothermal":[29,174],"transformations":[30],"during":[31,69,95],"holding":[33,193],"stage,":[34],"whereas":[35],"contribution":[37],"of":[38,67,117,126,166,173,182,195],"heating":[40,191],"stage":[41],"to":[42,59,74],"free":[43,88,110,127],"cementite":[44,89,111,119,128],"decomposition":[45,82,90],"graphite":[47,138],"growth":[48,139],"remains":[49],"insufficiently":[50],"understood.":[51],"This":[52,168],"study":[53,169],"employs":[54],"high\u2010temperature":[55],"laser":[56],"confocal":[57],"microscopy":[58],"observe,":[60],"situ,":[62],"phase":[64,155,175],"transformation":[65,156,176],"behavior":[66],"DIPs":[68],"continuous":[70,163],"from":[72],"750":[73],"1000":[75,101],"\u00b0C.":[76],"The":[77,121],"results":[78],"show":[79],"that":[80],"pearlite":[81],"starts":[83],"at":[84],"850":[85],"\u00b0C,":[86],"while":[87,113,136],"occurs":[91],"above":[92],"900":[93],"\u00b0C":[94,102],"heating.":[96],"When":[97],"temperature":[99],"reached":[100],"was":[104,129,141,159],"held":[105],"for":[106,161,188],"5":[107],"min,":[108],"most":[109],"decomposed,":[112],"a":[114,152,185],"certain":[115],"amount":[116],"residual":[118],"remained.":[120],"average":[122],"area":[123],"reduction":[124],"rate":[125,140],"2.00":[130],"\u03bcm":[131,143],"2":[132,144],"s":[133,145],"\u22121":[134,146],",":[135],"0.28":[142],".":[147],"Based":[148],"these":[150],"observations,":[151],"process\u2010specific":[153],"solid\u2010state":[154],"kinetic":[157,177,186],"description":[158],"established":[160],"process":[165],"DIPs.":[167],"addresses":[170],"limitations":[172],"models":[178],"DIPs,":[183],"providing":[184],"reference":[187],"optimizing":[189],"stages":[194],"DIP":[196],"annealing.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
