{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225739864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.765180","title":"Working memory capacity is linked to directed exploration: behavioral, computational, and electrophysiological evidence","display_name":"Working memory capacity is linked to directed exploration: behavioral, computational, and electrophysiological evidence","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225739864","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.765180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.08.765180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.765180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.765180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133488991","display_name":"Dingding Duan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dingding Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100430205","display_name":"You Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6470-4646","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6470-4646"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"You Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111127827","display_name":"Haowei Dai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haowei Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101415621","display_name":"Ruibin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2199-7623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2199-7623","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1766-8237"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58200834","display_name":"Southern Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vjw4z39","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruibin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southern Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southern Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58200834"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.8794000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.8794000148773193,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10315","display_name":"Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","score":0.08550000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1800","display_name":"General Decision Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.024000000208616257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.5950999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.579200029373169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781249084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q908656","display_name":"Preference","level":2,"score":0.5447999835014343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5206999778747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107673813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812534","display_name":"Bayesian probability","level":2,"score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.4490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179420905","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223871","display_name":"Mediation","level":2,"score":0.4424999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4237000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160234255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q812535","display_name":"Bayesian inference","level":3,"score":0.4090000092983246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188660851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045712","display_name":"Neuroeconomics","level":2,"score":0.3643999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87868495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750843","display_name":"Information processing","level":2,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140779682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210868","display_name":"Sampling (signal processing)","level":3,"score":0.34779998660087585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.34299999475479126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.34279999136924744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178562925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186412","display_name":"Time preference","level":2,"score":0.33559998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.31450000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3028999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522805319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179965","display_name":"Electroencephalography","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196340769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7698910","display_name":"Temporal difference learning","level":3,"score":0.2831999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6177178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10998070","display_name":"Discounting","level":2,"score":0.2818000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18680","display_name":"Prefrontal cortex","level":3,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28761237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7805321","display_name":"Time horizon","level":2,"score":0.267300009727478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776945547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1403813","display_name":"Intertemporal choice","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780319597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549918","display_name":"Impulsivity","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177769412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q278090","display_name":"Prior probability","level":3,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.64898/2026.11.08.765180","doi":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.765180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.64898/2026.11.08.765180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402567","display_name":"bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2750212522","host_organization_name":"Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2750212522"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"bioRxiv","raw_type":"posted-content"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Balancing":[0],"the":[1,7,19,30,63,136,143,150,179,183,216,223],"exploitation":[2,190],"of":[3,9,33,68],"known":[4],"rewards":[5],"against":[6],"exploration":[8,24,108,156,175,188,197,211],"uncertain":[10,34],"options":[11,35],"is":[12,49,58],"central":[13],"to":[14,52,170,218,225],"adaptive":[15],"decision":[16],"making,":[17],"yet":[18],"cognitive":[20],"limits":[21],"on":[22,40],"strategic":[23],"are":[25],"poorly":[26],"understood.":[27],"Directed":[28],"exploration,":[29],"deliberate":[31],"sampling":[32,124],"for":[36,149,195],"information,":[37],"may":[38,212],"depend":[39],"working":[41],"memory":[42],"(WM),":[43],"but":[44,221],"whether":[45],"WM":[46],"capacity":[47,224],"(WMC)":[48],"selectively":[50],"related":[51],"it,":[53],"and":[54,65,97,109,135,154,182,189,242],"through":[55],"which":[56,122],"processes,":[57],"unknown.":[59],"52":[60],"participants":[61,104],"from":[62],"upper":[64],"lower":[66],"tails":[67],"an":[69,77,98],"operation-span":[70],"distribution":[71],"(26":[72],"high-WMC,":[73],"26":[74],"low-WMC)":[75],"performed":[76],"adapted":[78],"Horizon":[79],"Task":[80],"during":[81,173],"EEG":[82],"recording.":[83],"We":[84],"combined":[85],"behavioral":[86,193],"strategy":[87],"classification,":[88],"hierarchical":[89],"Bayesian":[90,100],"reinforcement":[91],"learning,":[92],"stimulus-locked":[93],"event-related":[94],"potentials":[95],"(ERPs),":[96],"exploratory":[99],"mediation":[101],"analysis.":[102],"High-WMC":[103],"showed":[105],"more":[106],"directed":[107,155,174,187,196],"less":[110],"exploitation,":[111],"with":[112,192],"no":[113],"group":[114],"difference":[115,185,233],"in":[116,121,132,142,178,210,235,246],"random":[117],"exploration.":[118],"A":[119],"model":[120],"accumulated":[123],"history":[125],"discounts":[126],"option":[127,248],"value":[128],"best":[129],"explained":[130],"choices":[131],"both":[133],"groups,":[134],"discounting":[137],"parameter":[138],"\u03c9":[139,147],"was":[140,176,243],"larger":[141,177],"high-WMC":[144,180],"group.":[145],"Statistically,":[146],"accounted":[148],"association":[151],"between":[152,186],"WMC":[153],"(indirect":[157],"effect":[158],"ab":[159],"=":[160,199,202],"0.64,":[161],"95%":[162],"CrI":[163],"[0.28,":[164],"1.05]).":[165],"Frontocentral":[166],"P2":[167,184],"amplitude":[168],"(180":[169],"280":[171],"ms)":[172],"group,":[181],"correlated":[191],"preference":[194],"(r":[198],".29,":[200],"p":[201],".040).":[203],"These":[204],"findings":[205],"suggest":[206],"that":[207],"individual":[208],"differences":[209],"reflect":[213],"not":[214],"only":[215],"willingness":[217],"seek":[219],"information":[220,236],"also":[222],"use":[226,237],"what":[227],"has":[228],"been":[229],"sampled.":[230],"The":[231],"WMC-related":[232],"lay":[234],"rather":[238],"than":[239],"choice":[240],"noise":[241],"already":[244],"visible":[245],"early":[247],"evaluation.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
