{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225737116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-026-00505-z","title":"Exploring the role of immersive virtual reality to support new training and assessment mandates in medical education: an interpretive qualitative research study","display_name":"Exploring the role of immersive virtual reality to support new training and assessment mandates in medical education: an interpretive qualitative research study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225737116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-026-00505-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41077-026-00505-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-026-00505-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-026-00505-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739124158","display_name":"Advances in Simulation","issn_l":"2059-0628","issn":["2059-0628"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Simulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-026-00505-z","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048343353","display_name":"Aryana Zarandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4095-9230","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4095-9230"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aryana Zarandi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073409469","display_name":"Auva Zarandi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Auva Zarandi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136513258","display_name":"Quang N. Ngo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quang N Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071852716","display_name":"Spencer van Mil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7078-9380","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7078-9380"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spencer van Mil","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063382864","display_name":"Jason Harley","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1869-3362","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1869-3362"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Harley","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070834712","display_name":"Elif Bilgi\u00e7","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5897","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5897"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elif Bilgic","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2790},"apc_paid":{"value":2790,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2790},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11238","display_name":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","score":0.4336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11238","display_name":"Simulation-Based Education in Healthcare","score":0.4336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.32499998807907104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10916","display_name":"Surgical Simulation and Training","score":0.13199999928474426,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152747807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1854913","display_name":"Summative assessment","level":3,"score":0.7839000225067139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42525527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1209955","display_name":"Formative assessment","level":2,"score":0.7554000020027161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.6815999746322632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74196892","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7781188","display_name":"Thematic analysis","level":3,"score":0.649399995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100521375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2015382","display_name":"Competence (human resources)","level":2,"score":0.6044999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4609000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.4140999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61521584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705899","display_name":"Accreditation","level":2,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.32739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776342725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2620772","display_name":"Practicum","level":2,"score":0.3249000012874603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183003079","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1000371","display_name":"Personalization","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80245801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477475","display_name":"Semi-structured interview","level":3,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9114305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428317","display_name":"Situational ethics","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776893095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428888","display_name":"Faculty development","level":3,"score":0.3046000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13200473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2747831","display_name":"Reflexivity","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780642338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7632042","display_name":"Subspecialty","level":2,"score":0.2955999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28718268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4118620","display_name":"Needs assessment","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779172034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7434444","display_name":"Scope of practice","level":3,"score":0.28870001435279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781168091","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1059883","display_name":"Audience response","level":2,"score":0.27250000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75630572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q538904","display_name":"Applied psychology","level":1,"score":0.2671999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24845683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178651","display_name":"Interview","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41077-026-00505-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-026-00505-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-026-00505-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739124158","display_name":"Advances in Simulation","issn_l":"2059-0628","issn":["2059-0628"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Simulation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s41077-026-00505-z","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-026-00505-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s41077-026-00505-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2739124158","display_name":"Advances in Simulation","issn_l":"2059-0628","issn":["2059-0628"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Advances in Simulation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Trainees":[2],"must":[3],"demonstrate":[4],"competence":[5,35],"in":[6,17,33,187,296],"entrustable":[7],"professional":[8],"activities":[9],"(EPAs).":[10],"However,":[11,305],"some":[12],"EPA":[13,77,108,172],"exposure":[14,264],"remains":[15],"limited":[16],"residency":[18],"education.":[19],"Immersive":[20],"Virtual":[21],"Reality":[22],"(IVR)":[23],"can":[24],"serve":[25],"as":[26,336],"a":[27,166,255,282],"viable":[28],"adjunct":[29,340],"to":[30,100,341],"support":[31],"trainees":[32,312],"gaining":[34],"and":[36,50,84,115,127,142,154,174,185,222,241,257,271,286,299,315,343],"achieving":[37],"minimum":[38],"assessment":[39,51,231,250,316],"requirements.":[40],"This":[41],"study":[42,97,328],"investigated":[43],"the":[44,57,67,72,81,102,119,180,197,217,235,239,332],"role":[45,333],"of":[46,52,59,69,74,86,129,179,199,205,238,311,334],"IVR":[47,75,88,111,130,164,181,206,279,293,335],"for":[48,76,131,171,192,210,229,248,265,278,302,321],"training":[49,173,259,298],"medical":[53,90,132,208],"learners,":[54],"by":[55],"exploring":[56],"perceptions":[58,68,128],"faculty.":[60],"Our":[61],"research":[62,96,103],"questions":[63],"were:":[64],"What":[65,79],"are":[66,80],"faculty":[70,152],"regarding":[71],"use":[73],"assessments?":[78],"benefits,":[82],"challenges,":[83],"opportunities":[85],"incorporating":[87],"into":[89,207],"education?":[91],"Methods":[92],"An":[93],"interpretive":[94],"qualitative":[95],"was":[98],"employed":[99],"address":[101],"questions.":[104],"Faculty":[105],"explored":[106],"an":[107,337],"scenario":[109,182,308],"through":[110],"between":[112],"October":[113],"2023":[114],"May":[116],"2024.":[117],"Following":[118],"session,":[120],"participants":[121],"were":[122,140,161],"interviewed":[123],"on":[124,216],"their":[125],"experiences":[126],"education":[133,209],"(recruitment":[134],"until":[135],"thematic":[136,146],"sufficiency).":[137],"Interview":[138],"recordings":[139],"transcribed":[141],"analyzed":[143],"using":[144],"reflexive":[145],"analysis.":[147],"Results":[148],"Participants":[149,290],"included":[150],"17":[151],"members":[153],"1":[155],"senior":[156],"subspecialty":[157],"resident.":[158],"Six":[159],"themes":[160],"identified:":[162],"(1)":[163],"has":[165,294],"realistic":[167],"yet":[168],"idealized":[169],"environment":[170],"assessment;":[175],"(2)":[176],"The":[177,323],"flow":[178],"is":[183,190,213,254],"algorithmic":[184],"prescriptive":[186],"nature,":[188],"which":[189],"suitable":[191],"learning":[193,211,283],"but":[194],"could":[195],"limit":[196],"development":[198],"clinical":[200,342],"decision-making":[201],"skills;":[202],"(3)":[203],"Incorporation":[204],"purposes":[212],"favourable,":[214],"depending":[215],"trainee":[218,306],"level,":[219],"skills":[220],"targeted,":[221],"function;":[223],"(4)":[224],"I\u200bVR":[225],"should":[226,245,318],"be":[227,246,319],"used":[228],"formative":[230,303],"purposes;":[232,251],"however,":[233],"with":[234],"current":[236],"limitations":[237],"technology":[240],"scenarios,":[242,267],"further":[243],"considerations":[244],"made":[247],"summative":[249],"(5)\u200b\u200b":[252],"\u200bIVR":[253],"scalable":[256],"portable":[258],"tool":[260],"that":[261,292],"offers":[262],"repeated":[263],"high-stakes":[266],"minimizes":[268],"logistical":[269],"constraints,":[270],"reduces":[272],"long-term":[273],"costs;":[274],"(6)":[275],"Several":[276],"barriers":[277],"adoption":[280],"include":[281],"curve,":[284],"cybersickness,":[285],"potential":[287,295],"inequities\u200b.":[288],"Conclusions":[289],"indicated":[291],"EPA-related":[297],"assessment,":[300],"especially":[301],"assessments.":[304],"orientation,":[307],"objectives,":[309],"number":[310],"per":[313],"scenario,":[314],"strategies":[317],"considered":[320],"implementation.":[322],"knowledge":[324],"acquired":[325],"from":[326],"this":[327],"will":[329],"help":[330],"elucidate":[331],"educationally":[338],"relevant":[339],"in-person":[344],"simulation":[345],"contexts.":[346]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}