{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225735920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.2","title":"Real-time edge face detection using a lightweight multi-task cascaded convolutional neural network with hardware-software co-design","display_name":"Real-time edge face detection using a lightweight multi-task cascaded convolutional neural network with hardware-software co-design","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225735920","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.32985/ijeces.17.10.2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188727","display_name":"International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems","issn_l":"1847-6996","issn":["1847-6996","1847-7003"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.2","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121243161","display_name":"Van-Khoa Pham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-5856","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-5856"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148201","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/05hzn5427","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148201"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van-Khoa Pham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Advanced Education, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Advanced Education, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148201"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5150969899","display_name":"Minh-Duc Phan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148201","display_name":"Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/05hzn5427","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148201"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minh-Duc Phan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Advanced Education, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Advanced Education, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Engineering","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148201"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148201"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"10","first_page":"789","last_page":"798"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.8032000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.8032000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.0940999984741211,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.05169999971985817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7846999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6880000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.5824999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.546500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5303999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177212765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627335","display_name":"Workflow","level":2,"score":0.49639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4551999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.4023999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.39250001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3871000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.37279999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.3652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.361299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193536780","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1513153","display_name":"Edge detection","level":4,"score":0.3529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34146451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5048094","display_name":"Cascade","level":2,"score":0.3400999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.33090001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3262999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.32589998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780297707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4895393","display_name":"Landmark","level":2,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61056293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18965","display_name":"Floor plan","level":2,"score":0.29679998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2962000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97137487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q729138","display_name":"Integer (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74193536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574844","display_name":"Kernel (algebra)","level":2,"score":0.2535000145435333}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.32985/ijeces.17.10.2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188727","display_name":"International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems","issn_l":"1847-6996","issn":["1847-6996","1847-7003"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.32985/ijeces.17.10.2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.32985/ijeces.17.10.2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210188727","display_name":"International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems","issn_l":"1847-6996","issn":["1847-6996","1847-7003"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International journal of electrical and computer engineering systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2341528187","https://openalex.org/W2531409750","https://openalex.org/W2612445135","https://openalex.org/W2729080111","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2775811337","https://openalex.org/W2784019910","https://openalex.org/W2786106922","https://openalex.org/W2799715319","https://openalex.org/W2803374624","https://openalex.org/W2885976210","https://openalex.org/W2887936511","https://openalex.org/W2912949188","https://openalex.org/W2919512338","https://openalex.org/W2920867180","https://openalex.org/W2963566548","https://openalex.org/W2997106510","https://openalex.org/W3009413533","https://openalex.org/W3020154628","https://openalex.org/W3034552680","https://openalex.org/W4206605463","https://openalex.org/W4292622516","https://openalex.org/W4386607611","https://openalex.org/W4391110866","https://openalex.org/W4399658727"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,16],"hardware-software":[4],"co-design":[5],"framework":[6,209],"for":[7,65,159,195,210],"real-time":[8,211],"face":[9,114,213],"detection":[10,214],"on":[11,74],"resource-constrained":[12],"edge":[13,212],"platforms":[14],"using":[15],"lightweight":[17,109,135],"Multi-Task":[18],"Cascaded":[19],"Convolutional":[20],"Neural":[21],"Network":[22],"(MTCNN).":[23],"The":[24,68],"proposed":[25,208],"detector":[26],"replaces":[27],"selected":[28],"standard":[29],"convolutions":[30,33],"with":[31,157],"depthwise-separable":[32],"to":[34,44,143],"reduce":[35],"computation":[36],"and":[37,50,82,90,103,116,146,192,198],"parameter":[38,139],"count,":[39],"incorporates":[40],"Squeeze-and-Excitation":[41],"(SE)":[42],"blocks":[43],"preserve":[45],"channel":[46],"selectivity":[47],"after":[48],"compression,":[49],"follows":[51],"an":[52],"8-bit":[53],"integer":[54],"(INT8)-oriented":[55],"deployment":[56,66],"workflow":[57],"in":[58],"which":[59],"post-training":[60],"quantization":[61],"(PTQ)":[62],"is":[63,72],"used":[64],"preparation.":[67],"optimized":[69],"detection-oriented":[70],"cascade":[71],"deployed":[73,170],"the":[75,99,121,125,130,134,138,151,160,164,168,204,207],"AMD":[76],"Kria":[77],"KV260,":[78],"where":[79],"P-Net,":[80,196],"R-Net,":[81,197],"O-Net":[83,111],"are":[84],"implemented":[85],"as":[86],"Vitis":[87],"HLS":[88],"kernels":[89,181],"integrated":[91],"through":[92],"Advanced":[93],"eXtensible":[94],"Interface":[95],"(AXI)-based":[96],"communication":[97],"between":[98],"processing":[100],"system":[101,171],"(PS)":[102],"programmable":[104],"logic":[105],"(PL).":[106],"In":[107,163],"this":[108],"configuration,":[110],"performs":[112],"final":[113],"classification":[115],"bounding-box":[117],"regression":[118],"only,":[119],"without":[120],"landmark":[122],"branch":[123],"of":[124,187,206],"original":[126,161],"full":[127],"MTCNN.":[128,162],"Under":[129],"reported":[131],"evaluation":[132],"settings,":[133],"model":[136],"reduces":[137],"count":[140],"from":[141],"495,850":[142],"197,202":[144],"(60.2%)":[145],"achieves":[147],"96.3%":[148],"AP":[149],"under":[150,215],"WIDER":[152],"FACE":[153],"validation":[154],"protocol,":[155],"compared":[156],"97.8%":[158],"current":[165],"KV260":[166],"implementation,":[167],"complete":[169],"sustains":[172],"30":[173],"frames":[174],"per":[175],"second":[176],"(FPS),":[177],"while":[178],"standalone":[179],"FPGA":[180],"at":[182],"100":[183],"MHz":[184],"achieve":[185],"latencies":[186],"0.035":[188],"ms,":[189,191],"0.810":[190],"3.525":[193],"ms":[194],"O-Net,":[199],"respectively.":[200],"These":[201],"results":[202],"support":[203],"feasibility":[205],"resource":[216],"constraints.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
