{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225735619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech5040105","title":"A Business Intelligence Application for Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Proof-of-Work Cryptocurrencies","display_name":"A Business Intelligence Application for Assessing the Environmental Impacts of Proof-of-Work Cryptocurrencies","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225735619","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech5040105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fintech5040105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech5040105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech5040105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236419","display_name":"FinTech","issn_l":"2674-1032","issn":["2674-1032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FinTech","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech5040105","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084952522","display_name":"Mohammad Alhur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5022-6521","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5022-6521"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145019703","display_name":"Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/04a5b0p13","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Alhur","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business Intelligence Department, Faculty of Business, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5022-6521","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Intelligence Department, Faculty of Business, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056595363","display_name":"Raed Musbah Alqirem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-958X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-958X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145019703","display_name":"Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan","ror":"https://ror.org/04a5b0p13","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]}],"countries":["JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raed Alqirem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business Intelligence Department, Faculty of Business, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4363-958X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Intelligence Department, Faculty of Business, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145019703"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116425660","display_name":"Abdel Nasir Yousuf Abdelkareem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-5882","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-5882"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdel Nasir Yousuf Abdelkareem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Business Administration Department, Business Administration College, University of Kalba, Sharjah-Kalba 27272, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-5882","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Business Administration Department, Business Administration College, University of Kalba, Sharjah-Kalba 27272, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"apc_paid":{"value":1000,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":1207},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"105","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.7738999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.7738999724388123,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.19699999690055847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10435","display_name":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","score":0.007699999958276749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.7131999731063843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180706569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13479982","display_name":"Cryptocurrency","level":2,"score":0.558899998664856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776060655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52389","display_name":"Tariff","level":2,"score":0.5346999764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134560507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q753291","display_name":"Environmental economics","level":1,"score":0.4936999976634979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188573790","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12705","display_name":"Renewable energy","level":2,"score":0.4431000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.42399999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112313634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7886648","display_name":"Complement (music)","level":5,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184773241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q387400","display_name":"Mains electricity","level":3,"score":0.3898000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3824000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101754097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474273","display_name":"Fungibility","level":2,"score":0.32260000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146733006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q676081","display_name":"Electricity market","level":3,"score":0.32199999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3125999867916107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76178495","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4808784","display_name":"Asset (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.28040000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C423512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383973","display_name":"Electricity generation","level":3,"score":0.2766000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4216890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815823","display_name":"Business model","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988666273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008379","display_name":"Investment analysis","level":3,"score":0.25859999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57101690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2356921","display_name":"Electricity retailing","level":4,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982719155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25584060","display_name":"Energy source","level":3,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193809577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3409300","display_name":"Demand forecasting","level":2,"score":0.2533999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29592376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206799","display_name":"Electric energy","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988649059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1853339","display_name":"Electricity demand","level":4,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/fintech5040105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech5040105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech5040105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236419","display_name":"FinTech","issn_l":"2674-1032","issn":["2674-1032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FinTech","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/fintech5040105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech5040105","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/fintech5040105","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210236419","display_name":"FinTech","issn_l":"2674-1032","issn":["2674-1032"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"book series"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"FinTech","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2898441276","https://openalex.org/W2949656921","https://openalex.org/W3036397807","https://openalex.org/W3046946645","https://openalex.org/W3138282719","https://openalex.org/W3186805963","https://openalex.org/W3197688463","https://openalex.org/W4214545884","https://openalex.org/W4285008549","https://openalex.org/W4289551004","https://openalex.org/W4319067123","https://openalex.org/W4386745745","https://openalex.org/W4387605837","https://openalex.org/W4387910758","https://openalex.org/W4387954132","https://openalex.org/W4388203452","https://openalex.org/W4388235582","https://openalex.org/W4390195132","https://openalex.org/W4393320760","https://openalex.org/W4401693151","https://openalex.org/W4410080987","https://openalex.org/W4410814445","https://openalex.org/W4411515386","https://openalex.org/W4412733991","https://openalex.org/W4414452205","https://openalex.org/W4415181592","https://openalex.org/W7107965762","https://openalex.org/W7203840790"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Proof-of-Work":[0],"(PoW)":[1],"cryptocurrencies":[2,39],"create":[3],"electricity":[4,15,42,108],"demand":[5,82,101],"globally,":[6],"but":[7],"their":[8],"carbon":[9],"consequences":[10],"depend":[11],"on":[12],"where":[13],"the":[14,41,110,140,157],"is":[16,102,112,187],"generated.":[17],"This":[18],"study":[19],"presents":[20],"CryptoCarbonApp,":[21],"an":[22,64,113],"open-source":[23],"R":[24],"Shiny":[25],"business":[26,174],"intelligence":[27],"application":[28],"that":[29],"expresses":[30],"network-level":[31],"energy":[32],"and":[33,62,138],"emissions":[34,150],"estimates":[35],"for":[36,92],"four":[37],"PoW":[38],"through":[40],"system":[43],"of":[44,68,143,176],"Jordan,":[45],"whose":[46],"generation":[47],"mix":[48],"averages":[49],"about":[50,85,125,166],"0.39":[51],"kgCO2/kWh.":[52],"The":[53,130],"analysis":[54],"reports":[55],"network":[56,81,97],"totals":[57],"with":[58,71],"conditional":[59],"sensitivity":[60],"ranges":[61],"examines":[63],"assumed":[65],"spatial":[66],"allocation":[67,131],"mining":[69,136],"activity":[70],"a":[72,93,117,191],"20,000-replication":[73],"Monte":[74],"Carlo":[75],"procedure.":[76],"On":[77],"Jordan\u2019s":[78,106,173],"mix,":[79],"Bitcoin\u2019s":[80],"corresponds":[83],"to":[84,147,195],"66":[86],"MtCO2":[87,91],"per":[88,128],"year":[89],"(50\u201383":[90],"\u00b125%":[94],"change":[95],"in":[96],"consumption);":[98],"because":[99],"this":[100],"roughly":[103],"eight":[104],"times":[105],"national":[107],"supply,":[109],"figure":[111],"intensity":[114],"benchmark,":[115],"not":[116],"forecast.":[118],"A":[119],"50":[120],"MW":[121],"facility":[122],"would":[123],"emit":[124],"154":[126],"ktCO2":[127],"year.":[129],"procedure":[132],"cannot":[133],"identify":[134],"actual":[135],"hotspots,":[137],"raising":[139],"renewable":[141],"share":[142],"supply":[144],"from":[145],"10%":[146],"60%":[148],"reduces":[149],"by":[151],"55.6%":[152],"under":[153],"static":[154],"accounting.":[155],"At":[156],"September":[158],"2025":[159],"hashprice,":[160],"efficient":[161],"hardware":[162],"breaks":[163],"even":[164],"at":[165,181],"USD":[167,177],"0.12/kWh":[168],"before":[169],"other":[170],"costs,":[171],"below":[172],"tariff":[175],"0.169/kWh.":[178],"Energy":[179],"labelling":[180],"supervised":[182],"virtual":[183],"asset":[184],"service":[185],"providers":[186],"therefore":[188],"proposed":[189],"as":[190],"conditional,":[192],"demand-side":[193],"complement":[194],"mining-side":[196],"instruments.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
