{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225735580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79282-8","title":"Experimental optimization and machine learning-based prediction of warm incremental sheet forming of AZ31 magnesium alloy","display_name":"Experimental optimization and machine learning-based prediction of warm incremental sheet forming of AZ31 magnesium alloy","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225735580","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79282-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-79282-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79282-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79282-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79282-8","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161375974","display_name":"Amar Ashok Khot","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amar Ashok Khot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharad Institute of Technology College of Engineering, Yadrav, Maharashtra, 416115, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharad Institute of Technology College of Engineering, Yadrav, Maharashtra, 416115, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009702511","display_name":"Rohit A. Magdum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-0961","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-0961"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rohit A. Magdum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharad Institute of Technology College of Engineering, Yadrav, Maharashtra, 416115, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharad Institute of Technology College of Engineering, Yadrav, Maharashtra, 416115, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001518937","display_name":"Shailesh Shirguppikar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-1280","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5896-1280"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shailesh S. Shirguppikar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharad Institute of Technology College of Engineering, Yadrav, Maharashtra, 416115, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharad Institute of Technology College of Engineering, Yadrav, Maharashtra, 416115, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020990935","display_name":"Vaibhav Sidraya Ganachari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8142-5980","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8142-5980"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141641110","display_name":"Shivaji University","ror":"https://ror.org/01bsn4x02","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141641110"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaibhav Ganachari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kasegaon Education Society\u2019s Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Shivaji University, Tal. Walwa, Dist., Sakharale, Sangli, Maharashtra, 415414, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kasegaon Education Society\u2019s Rajarambapu Institute of Technology, Shivaji University, Tal. Walwa, Dist., Sakharale, Sangli, Maharashtra, 415414, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141641110"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001219956","display_name":"Pandivelan Chinnaiyan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8224-2959","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8224-2959"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I876193797","display_name":"Vellore Institute of Technology University","ror":"https://ror.org/00qzypv28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pandivelan Chinnaiyan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT, Vellore, 632014, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT, Vellore, 632014, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I876193797"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086850343","display_name":"Obinna Onyebuchi Barah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5131-3045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5131-3045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2752562790","display_name":"Kampala International University","ror":"https://ror.org/017g82c94","country_code":"UG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2752562790"]}],"countries":["UG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Obinna Onyebuchi Barah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, P.O. Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda","The Barah Centre for Advanced Materials and Sustainable Engineering (BCAMSE), Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5131-3045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, P.O. Box 20000, Kampala, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2752562790"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Barah Centre for Advanced Materials and Sustainable Engineering (BCAMSE), Kampala International University-Western Campus, Ishaka-Bushenyi, Uganda","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2752562790"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009702511","https://openalex.org/A5086850343"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2752562790"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10700","display_name":"Metal Forming Simulation Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10700","display_name":"Metal Forming Simulation Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13965","display_name":"Laser and Thermal Forming Techniques","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10530","display_name":"Magnesium Alloys: Properties and Applications","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79127381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5469940","display_name":"Formability","level":2,"score":0.7656999826431274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64734493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5608296","display_name":"Grey relational analysis","level":2,"score":0.7361999750137329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83469408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2036525","display_name":"Taguchi methods","level":2,"score":0.7142000198364258},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776797782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2180288","display_name":"Magnesium alloy","level":3,"score":0.6902999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6565999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139321929","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1363994","display_name":"Forming processes","level":2,"score":0.5934000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777190053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6015481","display_name":"Incremental sheet forming","level":3,"score":0.5569000244140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781031896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068711","display_name":"Deep drawing","level":2,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93228742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247312","display_name":"Process variable","level":3,"score":0.42899999022483826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42632107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2031860","display_name":"Orthogonal array","level":3,"score":0.4244999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780026712","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37756","display_name":"Alloy","level":2,"score":0.4004000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.390500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34559072","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2334061","display_name":"Design of experiments","level":2,"score":0.32510000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.32429999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81692654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q225926","display_name":"Kriging","level":2,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3176000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C543218039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660","display_name":"Magnesium","level":2,"score":0.3000999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.265500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-79282-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79282-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79282-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/s41598-026-79282-8","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79282-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-79282-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"evaluates":[2],"the":[3,20,59,64,81,99,104,154,160,177,235,253],"warm":[4],"incremental":[5],"sheet":[6],"forming":[7,27,32,93,110,143,190,223],"(WISF)":[8],"behavior":[9],"of":[10,22,67,74,83,163,192,197,203,210,219,225],"AZ31":[11,249],"magnesium":[12,250],"alloy":[13,251],"through":[14],"variable":[15],"wall":[16,106,137,217],"angle":[17,107,138,218],"experiments,":[18],"with":[19],"aim":[21],"improving":[23],"formability":[24],"and":[25,37,62,95,108,139,206,221,239],"reducing":[26,109],"force.":[28,111,144],"Four":[29],"process":[30,85,255],"parameters":[31,68],"temperature,":[33],"step-down,":[34],"spindle":[35,201],"speed,":[36],"tool":[38,208],"diameter":[39,209],"were":[40,117,229],"investigated":[41,155,254],"at":[42],"three":[43],"levels":[44],"using":[45,169],"a":[46,91,189,195,200,207,215,222],"Taguchi":[47],"L27":[48],"orthogonal":[49],"array.":[50],"Grey":[51,185],"Relational":[52,186],"Analysis":[53,73,187],"(GRA)":[54],"was":[55,77,188],"employed":[56,118],"to":[57,79,175],"evaluate":[58],"experimental":[60,156,165,171],"results":[61,232],"identify":[63,244],"optimal":[65],"combination":[66],"for":[69,123,135,142,248],"multi-response":[70],"performance,":[71],"while":[72],"Variance":[75],"(ANOVA)":[76],"used":[78],"determine":[80],"contribution":[82],"each":[84],"parameter.":[86],"The":[87,126,180],"findings":[88],"indicate":[89],"that":[90,234],"high":[92],"temperature":[94,191],"low":[96],"step-down":[97,196],"have":[98],"greatest":[100],"influence":[101,152],"on":[102],"increasing":[103],"achievable":[105],"Random":[112,127],"Forest-based":[113],"machine":[114],"learning":[115],"models":[116,129],"as":[119],"supplementary":[120,148],"predictive":[121,133],"tools":[122],"both":[124],"responses.":[125],"Forest":[128],"showed":[130],"promising":[131],"preliminary":[132],"performance":[134,141],"maximum":[136,216],"moderate":[140],"Feature-importance":[145],"analysis":[146],"provided":[147],"insights":[149],"into":[150],"parameter":[151],"within":[153,252],"domain.":[157],"However,":[158],"given":[159],"limited":[161],"dataset":[162],"27":[164],"runs,":[166],"further":[167],"validation":[168],"additional":[170],"data":[172],"is":[173],"required":[174],"establish":[176],"models\u2019":[178],"generalizability.":[179],"optimum":[181],"condition":[182],"identified":[183],"by":[184],"250":[193,204],"\u00b0C,":[194],"0.2":[198],"mm,":[199,212],"speed":[202],"rpm,":[205],"8":[211],"under":[213],"which":[214],"66.5\u00b0":[220],"force":[224],"approximately":[226],"0.639":[227],"kN":[228],"obtained.":[230],"These":[231],"demonstrate":[233],"combined":[236],"experimental,":[237],"statistical,":[238],"data-driven":[240],"framework":[241],"can":[242],"effectively":[243],"favorable":[245],"WISF":[246],"conditions":[247],"window.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
