{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225733799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05648-y","title":"The effect of a nurse-led visual education program on health beliefs and symptom burden in patients with heart failure: a randomized controlled trial","display_name":"The effect of a nurse-led visual education program on health beliefs and symptom burden in patients with heart failure: a randomized controlled trial","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225733799","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05648-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12912-026-05648-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05648-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05648-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107799410","display_name":"BMC Nursing","issn_l":"1472-6955","issn":["1472-6955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05648-y","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033439898","display_name":"Dilan Deniz Akan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8258-8658","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8258-8658"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16748637","display_name":"Manisa Celal Bayar University","ror":"https://ror.org/053f2w588","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16748637"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dilan Deniz Akan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, 45030, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8258-8658","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, 45030, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16748637"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020191574","display_name":"\u00d6zden Dedeli \u00c7aydam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-9400","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-9400"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16748637","display_name":"Manisa Celal Bayar University","ror":"https://ror.org/053f2w588","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16748637"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d6zden Dedeli \u00c7aydam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Internal Medicine Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, 45030, T\u00fcrkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0558-9400","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Internal Medicine Nursing Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Manisa, 45030, T\u00fcrkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16748637"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5033439898"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16748637"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.8809000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10198","display_name":"Heart Failure Treatment and Management","score":0.8809000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13117","display_name":"Health Education and Validation","score":0.06790000200271606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11083","display_name":"Cardiac Health and Mental Health","score":0.012199999764561653,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2705","display_name":"Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9060999751091003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.8044000267982483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14184104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1362526","display_name":"Visual analogue scale","level":2,"score":0.6146000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5504000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518773536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918533","display_name":"Nursing research","level":2,"score":0.5307000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.5164999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113807197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60894","display_name":"Health education","level":3,"score":0.5034999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1602351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q381370","display_name":"Health belief model","level":4,"score":0.4977000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777929519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144988","display_name":"Patient education","level":2,"score":0.4952000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780344248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2084130","display_name":"Nursing management","level":2,"score":0.4819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4796000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020110884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q695416","display_name":"Outpatient clinic","level":2,"score":0.38100001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.38019999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.3646000027656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3587000072002411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778198053","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181754","display_name":"Heart failure","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.3190999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.3052999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46578552","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2725393","display_name":"Global health","level":3,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107130276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133805","display_name":"Epidemiology","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195768694","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18570","display_name":"Hawthorne effect","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5395021","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061410","display_name":"Program evaluation","level":2,"score":0.257999986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776511598","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7144993","display_name":"Patient participation","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984889486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing care","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185618831","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1851928","display_name":"Health promotion","level":3,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137992405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137608","display_name":"Health administration","level":3,"score":0.2524999976158142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12912-026-05648-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05648-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05648-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107799410","display_name":"BMC Nursing","issn_l":"1472-6955","issn":["1472-6955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12912-026-05648-y","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05648-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-026-05648-y","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S107799410","display_name":"BMC Nursing","issn_l":"1472-6955","issn":["1472-6955"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Background":[1],"Heart":[2,225],"failure":[3],"(HF)":[4],"is":[5,43],"a":[6,70,97,133,164,442],"major":[7],"global":[8],"health":[9,57,107,343],"problem":[10],"characterized":[11],"by":[12,259],"substantial":[13],"symptom":[14,110,362,418,449],"burden,":[15],"recurrent":[16],"hospitalizations,":[17],"and":[18,32,37,59,109,117,142,190,201,206,215,228,284,292,332,360,384,415,437,448,463,473],"considerable":[19],"healthcare":[20],"utilization.":[21],"Effective":[22],"long-term":[23],"management":[24,450],"depends":[25],"largely":[26],"on":[27,106,183,489],"patients\u2019":[28],"engagement":[29],"in":[30,103,127,136,224,238,304,316,381,386,394,405,451],"self-care":[31],"adherence":[33],"to":[34,155,445,469],"recommended":[35],"treatment":[36],"lifestyle":[38],"behaviours.":[39],"Although":[40],"patient":[41],"education":[42,84,100,180,402],"an":[44,156],"essential":[45],"component":[46],"of":[47,96,132,147,477],"HF":[48,88,151,452],"management,":[49],"information-focused":[50],"approaches":[51],"may":[52,440],"not":[53],"adequately":[54],"address":[55],"the":[56,94,104,128,184,194,213,219,229,290,300,305,317,365,369,390,395,406,421,471],"beliefs":[58,108,344],"behavioural":[60,429],"determinants":[61],"underlying":[62],"self-care.":[63],"The":[64,172,349,424,482],"Health":[65,220],"Belief":[66,221],"Model":[67,222],"(HBM)":[68],"provides":[69],"theoretically":[71],"informed":[72],"framework":[73],"for":[74,85,262],"addressing":[75],"these":[76],"determinants;":[77],"however,":[78],"evidence":[79],"regarding":[80],"nurse-led,":[81],"HBM-based":[82],"visual":[83,99,179,401,433],"patients":[86,113,149],"with":[87,114,150,335,410,431,458],"remains":[89],"limited.":[90],"Aim":[91],"To":[92],"evaluate":[93,470],"effects":[95],"nurse-led":[98,178,400,438],"program":[101,403],"grounded":[102,404],"HBM":[105,185,407],"burden":[111,419],"among":[112],"HF.":[115],"Design":[116],"setting":[118],"This":[119],"single-centre,":[120],"parallel-group":[121],"randomized":[122],"controlled":[123],"trial":[124],"was":[125,202,408,484],"conducted":[126],"cardiology":[129],"outpatient":[130],"clinic":[131],"university":[134],"hospital":[135],"western":[137],"T\u00fcrkiye":[138],"between":[139,289],"September":[140],"2021":[141],"March":[143],"2022.":[144],"A":[145,399],"total":[146],"110":[148],"were":[152,210,241,252,267,287],"randomly":[153],"allocated":[154],"intervention":[157,173,291,306,350,396],"group":[158,166,174,196,307,319,351,367],"(":[159,167],"n":[160,168],"=":[161,169],"55)":[162],"or":[163,274],"control":[165,195,293,318,366],"55).":[170],"Methods":[171],"received":[175,197],"three":[176,391],"individualized,":[177],"sessions":[181],"based":[182],"at":[186,204,368,420,487],"baseline,":[187],"3":[188],"months,":[189,192],"6":[191,207],"whereas":[193],"routine":[198],"nursing":[199,453],"care":[200],"assessed":[203,242],"baseline":[205],"months.":[208],"Data":[209],"collected":[211],"using":[212,243,254,269],"Sociodemographic":[214],"Clinical":[216],"Characteristics":[217],"Form,":[218],"Scale":[223],"Failure":[226,234],"(HBMS-HF),":[227],"Memorial":[230],"Symptom":[231],"Assessment":[232],"Scale\u2013Heart":[233],"(MSAS-HF).":[235],"Between-group":[236],"differences":[237],"continuous":[239],"variables":[240,266],"independent-samples":[244],"t-tests,":[245],"while":[246],"within-group":[247],"changes":[248],"across":[249,320,389],"repeated":[250,435],"assessments":[251,377],"evaluated":[253],"one-way":[255],"repeated-measures":[256],"ANOVA":[257],"followed":[258],"paired-samples":[260],"t-tests":[261],"pairwise":[263],"comparisons.":[264],"Categorical":[265],"compared":[268],"chi-square,":[270],"Fisher\u2019s":[271],"exact,":[272],"McNemar,":[273],"McNemar\u2013Bowker":[275],"tests,":[276],"as":[277],"appropriate.":[278],"Results":[279],"Baseline":[280],"sociodemographic,":[281],"disease-related,":[282],"HBMS-HF,":[283],"MSAS-HF":[285,356,387],"measures":[286],"comparable":[288],"groups":[294],"(all":[295,345,372],"p":[296,346,373],">":[297],"0.05).":[298],"At":[299],"final":[301,370,422],"assessment,":[302],"participants":[303],"demonstrated":[308,353],"significantly":[309,354],"more":[310,341,411],"favourable":[311,342,412],"HBMS-HF":[312,382],"scores":[313,339,363,383,388],"than":[314,364],"those":[315],"all":[321],"five":[322],"subscales,":[323],"including":[324],"perceived":[325,327,329,333],"susceptibility,":[326],"severity,":[328],"benefits,":[330],"self-efficacy,":[331],"barriers,":[334],"higher":[336],"reverse-coded":[337],"perceived-barrier":[338],"indicating":[340],"<":[347,374],"0.001).":[348,375],"also":[352],"lower":[355,416],"total,":[357],"physical,":[358],"psychological,":[359],"HF-related":[361,417],"assessment":[371,392],"Repeated":[376],"showed":[378],"progressive":[379],"improvements":[380],"reductions":[385],"points":[393],"group.":[397],"Conclusion":[398],"associated":[409],"health-belief":[413],"outcomes":[414,466],"assessment.":[423],"findings":[425],"suggest":[426],"that":[427],"integrating":[428],"theory":[430],"individualized":[432],"education,":[434],"reinforcement,":[436],"interaction":[439],"provide":[441],"useful":[443],"approach":[444],"supporting":[446],"self-management":[447],"practice.":[454],"Further":[455],"multicentre":[456],"studies":[457],"larger":[459],"samples,":[460],"longer":[461],"follow-up,":[462],"objective":[464],"clinical":[465,475],"are":[467],"needed":[468],"sustainability":[472],"broader":[474],"impact":[476],"this":[478],"approach.":[479],"Trial":[480],"registration":[481],"study":[483],"retrospectively":[485],"registered":[486],"ClinicalTrials.gov":[488],"December":[490],"26,":[491],"2024":[492],"(Registration":[493],"Number:":[494],"NCT06807671).":[495]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}