{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225733370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121659","title":"Relay Posts for Foot Couriers: How Long a Stage Can Be When the Courier Must Also Walk Home","display_name":"Relay Posts for Foot Couriers: How Long a Stage Can Be When the Courier Must Also Walk Home","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225733370","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121659"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24121659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121659","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5159396451","display_name":"William Alexander Aldred","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldred, William Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5159396451"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.6514000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10567","display_name":"Vehicle Routing Optimization Methods","score":0.6514000296592712,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12306","display_name":"Urban and Freight Transport Logistics","score":0.30000001192092896,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11502","display_name":"Facility Location and Emergency Management","score":0.014499999582767487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.7164000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146357865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1123245","display_name":"Stage (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5968999862670898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5967000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115076146","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1651051","display_name":"Foot (prosody)","level":2,"score":0.5831000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4494999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111459926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7244468","display_name":"Walk-in","level":3,"score":0.4341999888420105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.38420000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.35350000858306885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020613246","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161829","display_name":"Third stage","level":3,"score":0.3215999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994533931","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49845","display_name":"Postal service","level":2,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.29510000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112758219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16038819","display_name":"Duration (music)","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019178406","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35054","display_name":"Post office","level":3,"score":0.28450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2766999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.25189998745918274}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24121659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24121660","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121660","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121660","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24121659","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121659","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121659","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Where":[0],"no":[1],"vehicle":[2],"goes,":[3],"mail":[4,101],"still":[5],"moves":[6,100],"by":[7],"relay:":[8],"couriers":[9,160],"walk":[10,50],"stages":[11,72],"between":[12],"posts,":[13],"handing":[14],"the":[15,24,27,46,59,116,156,173],"bag":[16],"onward":[17],"like":[18],"a":[19,35,55,78,82,88,112,137],"baton.":[20],"This":[21],"paper":[22,153],"sizes":[23],"stage":[25,61,97,158,169],"from":[26],"courier's":[28],"day.":[29],"A":[30,65],"courier":[31,48],"walks":[32],"loaded":[33],"at":[34,42,77,142,162],"stated":[36,79],"3.6":[37],"km/h":[38],"and":[39,52,73,145,171],"returns":[40],"unladen":[41],"4.4":[43],"km/h;":[44],"if":[45],"same":[47],"must":[49],"out":[51],"back":[53],"within":[54],"seven-hour":[56],"working":[57],"day,":[58],"longest":[60],"is":[62,124,133,136],"13.8":[63],"km.":[64],"180":[66],"km":[67],"route":[68,118],"then":[69],"needs":[70],"14":[71,106],"13":[74],"intermediate":[75],"posts":[76,91],"USD":[80,86],"260":[81],"year":[83,89],"each":[84,163],"\u2014":[85,92,139],"3380.0":[87],"in":[90,105],"and,":[93],"pipelined":[94],"with":[95,119],"every":[96],"walked":[98],"daily,":[99,140],"end":[102,104],"to":[103],"days,":[107],"against":[108],"7.1":[109],"days":[110],"for":[111,128],"single":[113],"through-courier":[114],"walking":[115,165],"whole":[117],"nightly":[120],"rests.":[121],"The":[122,152],"relay":[123],"not":[125],"faster":[126],"door-to-door":[127],"one":[129,149],"bag;":[130],"its":[131],"advantage":[132],"that":[134],"it":[135],"service":[138],"staffed":[141],"both":[143],"ends,":[144],"independent":[146],"of":[147],"any":[148],"walker's":[150],"endurance.":[151],"also":[154],"prices":[155],"alternative":[157],"model,":[159],"resident":[161],"post":[164],"one-way,":[166],"which":[167],"doubles":[168],"length":[170],"halves":[172],"posts.":[174],"SIMULATED,":[175],"NOT":[176],"MEASURED.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}