{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225733043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14110284","title":"QFCNN: A Dual-Branch Hybrid Quantum\u2013Classical Convolutional Neural Network Based on the Quantum Fourier Transform for Image Classification","display_name":"QFCNN: A Dual-Branch Hybrid Quantum\u2013Classical Convolutional Neural Network Based on the Quantum Fourier Transform for Image Classification","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225733043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14110284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation14110284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14110284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14110284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14110284","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161389906","display_name":"Zhen Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4270-4479","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4270-4479"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Control Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4270-4479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Control Engineering, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123982347","display_name":"Chenhao Huang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenhao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055127627","display_name":"Hongyang Ma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2680-5099","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2680-5099"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyang Ma","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2680-5099","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5154019572","display_name":"Xingkui Fan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44468530","display_name":"Qingdao University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01qzc0f54","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingkui Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science, Qingdao University of Technology, Qingdao 266520, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44468530"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116337569","display_name":"Xiaoyu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-4705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-4705"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6586-4705","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116337569","https://openalex.org/A5154019572"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711","https://openalex.org/I44468530"],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"apc_paid":{"value":1800,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2172},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"284","last_page":"284"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59500034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1464944","display_name":"Quantum Fourier transform","level":5,"score":0.7475000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5666999816894531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137019171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2623817","display_name":"Quantum algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5636000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.546500027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192122513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835770","display_name":"Quantum phase estimation algorithm","level":5,"score":0.538100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5351999998092651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5309000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.5109999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.5098000168800354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4771000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44999998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4426000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187486625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122176","display_name":"Quantum channel","level":4,"score":0.3531000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15706264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230883","display_name":"Quantum state","level":3,"score":0.3197999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.3091000020503998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186468114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q836478","display_name":"Quantum network","level":4,"score":0.3070000112056732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57733114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006032","display_name":"Discrete Fourier transform (general)","level":5,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58053490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176555","display_name":"Quantum computer","level":3,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43682372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269080","display_name":"Quantum operation","level":4,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.2851000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11255438","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269085","display_name":"Quantum process","level":4,"score":0.28439998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51003876","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1536431","display_name":"Quantum error correction","level":4,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.2791000008583069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62641251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7269097","display_name":"Quantum sort","level":5,"score":0.2727000117301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.27149999141693115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation14110284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14110284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14110284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/computation14110284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14110284","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/computation14110284","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2738402919","display_name":"Computation","issn_l":"2079-3197","issn":["2079-3197"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computation","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2161685427","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2781738013","https://openalex.org/W2792946961","https://openalex.org/W2798434869","https://openalex.org/W2806391486","https://openalex.org/W2896712926","https://openalex.org/W2989257188","https://openalex.org/W3037607219","https://openalex.org/W3096052452","https://openalex.org/W3111162498","https://openalex.org/W3192227636","https://openalex.org/W4283813083","https://openalex.org/W4387117982","https://openalex.org/W4390344249"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Image":[0],"classification":[1],"is":[2],"a":[3,41,46,53,71,78,87,142],"fundamental":[4],"task":[5],"in":[6,26,165],"computer":[7],"vision.":[8],"Although":[9],"classical":[10,47,105,156],"convolutional":[11,48],"neural":[12],"networks":[13],"are":[14,23,101,163],"particularly":[15],"effective":[16],"at":[17],"extracting":[18],"local":[19],"spatial":[20],"features,":[21],"they":[22],"inherently":[24],"limited":[25],"their":[27],"ability":[28],"to":[29],"capture":[30],"global":[31],"frequency-domain":[32],"information.":[33],"To":[34],"address":[35],"this":[36,38],"limitation,":[37],"paper":[39],"introduces":[40],"hybrid":[42],"model":[43],"that":[44,148],"couples":[45],"feature":[49,55],"extraction":[50,56],"branch":[51,57,66],"with":[52,103],"quantum":[54,61,65,81,84,89,94,99,122],"built":[58],"upon":[59],"the":[60,68,83,92,97,104,111,117,128,149,166],"Fourier":[62,85,95],"transform.":[63],"The":[64],"maps":[67],"input":[69],"into":[70],"low-dimensional":[72],"representation":[73],"and":[74,91,107,124,131,160],"processes":[75],"it":[76],"through":[77],"sequence":[79],"of":[80,120],"encoding,":[82],"transform,":[86],"variational":[88],"circuit,":[90],"inverse":[93],"transform;":[96],"resulting":[98],"features":[100,106],"concatenated":[102],"jointly":[108],"used":[109],"for":[110],"final":[112],"classification.":[113],"Ablation":[114],"studies":[115],"quantify":[116],"individual":[118],"contribution":[119],"each":[121],"component,":[123],"systematic":[125],"experiments":[126],"on":[127,141],"MNIST,":[129],"Fashion-MNIST,":[130],"CIFAR-10":[132],"benchmark":[133],"datasets,":[134],"conducted":[135],"over":[136],"multiple":[137],"independent":[138],"random":[139],"seeds":[140],"strictly":[143],"held-out":[144],"test":[145],"set,":[146],"show":[147],"complete":[150],"architecture":[151],"consistently":[152],"outperforms":[153],"its":[154],"purely":[155],"counterparts.":[157],"All":[158],"results":[159],"comparative":[161],"analyses":[162],"presented":[164],"experimental":[167],"section.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}