{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225730307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904","title":"Serum itaconate levels and treatment-related changes in polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective observational study","display_name":"Serum itaconate levels and treatment-related changes in polymyalgia rheumatica: a prospective observational study","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225730307","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143923568","display_name":"Zhuoran Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhuoran Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5143946205","display_name":"Yifeng Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifeng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030065749","display_name":"Kexin Chen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kexin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100341651","display_name":"Yuxiang Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3758-7162","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3758-7162"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161410867","display_name":"Yanping Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanping Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161364991","display_name":"Ting Xu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161373545","display_name":"Min Wu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3923682","display_name":"Soochow University","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8y2r12","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83519826","display_name":"Nanjing Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/059gcgy73","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Min Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University","Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83519826"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161373545"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3923682","https://openalex.org/I83519826"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10697","display_name":"Vasculitis and related conditions","score":0.7681000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10697","display_name":"Vasculitis and related conditions","score":0.7681000232696533,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11139","display_name":"Gout, Hyperuricemia, Uric Acid","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2727","display_name":"Nephrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11355","display_name":"Inflammatory Biomarkers in Disease Prognosis","score":0.00559999980032444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2730","display_name":"Oncology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780079024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752891","display_name":"Polymyalgia rheumatica","level":5,"score":0.7196999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7184000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6114000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23131810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q818574","display_name":"Observational study","level":2,"score":0.6037999987602234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188816634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2113324","display_name":"Prospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5697000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.43970000743865967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422549","display_name":"Glucocorticoid","level":2,"score":0.4120999872684479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777895361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758614","display_name":"Longitudinal study","level":2,"score":0.37700000405311584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020081911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3918988","display_name":"Serum concentration","level":2,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48921125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10861030","display_name":"Linear regression","level":2,"score":0.3057999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146304588","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961652","display_name":"Case-control study","level":2,"score":0.2879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105054674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3707381","display_name":"Mean difference","level":3,"score":0.2741999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44249647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208498","display_name":"Confidence interval","level":2,"score":0.26089999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40222840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185049","display_name":"Geometric mean","level":2,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2026.1968904/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2595292759","display_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","issn_l":"1664-3224","issn":["1664-3224"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","oarl","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Immunology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225730307.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7225730307.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975556592","https://openalex.org/W2028475036","https://openalex.org/W2120197181","https://openalex.org/W2180244775","https://openalex.org/W2409262985","https://openalex.org/W2460752692","https://openalex.org/W2737042576","https://openalex.org/W2794844698","https://openalex.org/W2797011296","https://openalex.org/W2797967513","https://openalex.org/W2885311787","https://openalex.org/W3014370651","https://openalex.org/W3026959467","https://openalex.org/W3118074947","https://openalex.org/W4206049057","https://openalex.org/W4225397123","https://openalex.org/W4281492063","https://openalex.org/W4293387164","https://openalex.org/W4387474715","https://openalex.org/W4390115647","https://openalex.org/W4390589476","https://openalex.org/W4394676329","https://openalex.org/W4398862039","https://openalex.org/W4400199817","https://openalex.org/W4400315613","https://openalex.org/W4401031700","https://openalex.org/W4401218779","https://openalex.org/W4405975379","https://openalex.org/W4407172909","https://openalex.org/W4409087851","https://openalex.org/W4411211168","https://openalex.org/W4411344795","https://openalex.org/W4412123608","https://openalex.org/W4412726345","https://openalex.org/W4416718918","https://openalex.org/W7135083819","https://openalex.org/W7169845028"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Objectives":[0],"Itaconate":[1],"(ITA)":[2],"is":[3],"an":[4,212],"immunometabolic":[5,265],"regulator,":[6],"but":[7],"its":[8],"circulating":[9],"levels":[10,25,135],"and":[11,29,36,60,77,89,128,144,156,246],"treatment-associated":[12,264],"changes":[13,83,191,199,223,257],"in":[14,86,121,126,132,139,142,167,192,200,243,258],"polymyalgia":[15],"rheumatica":[16],"(PMR)":[17],"remain":[18],"unclear.":[19],"This":[20,41],"study":[21,44],"investigated":[22],"serum":[23,47],"ITA":[24,66,113,134,165,193,239],"across":[26,94],"treatment":[27,249],"states":[28],"their":[30],"longitudinal":[31,90],"associations":[32,91],"with":[33,104,174,198,255],"inflammatory":[34],"markers":[35],"glucocorticoid":[37],"(GC)":[38],"exposure.":[39],"Methods":[40],"prospective":[42],"observational":[43],"included":[45],"161":[46],"samples":[48],"from":[49,98,178],"108":[50],"participants,":[51],"comprising":[52],"20":[53],"healthy":[54],"control":[55],"(HC),":[56],"30":[57],"treatment-na\u00efve":[58],"(TN),":[59],"111":[61],"treatment-exposed":[62],"(TE)":[63],"samples.":[64],"Serum":[65,238],"was":[67,152,215,240],"quantified":[68],"by":[69],"LC\u2013MS/MS.":[70],"Between-group":[71],"differences":[72],"were":[73,84,92,115,136,194],"assessed":[74],"using":[75,101],"age-":[76],"sex-adjusted":[78],"linear":[79],"mixed-effects":[80],"models.":[81],"Paired":[82],"evaluated":[85],"11":[87,162],"patients,":[88,164],"examined":[93],"42":[95,188],"TE-to-TE":[96],"intervals":[97,208,259],"27":[99],"patients":[100],"regression":[102],"models":[103],"patient-clustered":[105],"robust":[106],"standard":[107],"errors.":[108],"Results":[109],"Adjusted":[110],"geometric":[111],"mean":[112],"concentrations":[114,176],"4.170":[116],"ng/mL":[117,124,130,182],"(95%":[118],"CI,":[119,226],"3.132\u20135.553)":[120],"HC,":[122],"0.907":[123],"(0.719\u20131.143)":[125],"TN,":[127],"3.885":[129],"(3.427\u20134.405)":[131],"TE.":[133],"significantly":[137,196],"lower":[138],"TN":[140,244],"than":[141],"HC":[143,157],"TE":[145,155],"(both":[146],"P<0.001),":[147],"whereas":[148],"no":[149],"significant":[150],"difference":[151],"observed":[153,216],"between":[154],"(P":[158,183,202],"=":[159,184,203,231,235],"0.656).":[160],"Among":[161],"paired":[163],"increased":[166,247],"10":[168],"at":[169],"the":[170],"first":[171],"post-treatment":[172],"follow-up,":[173],"median":[175],"rising":[177],"1.408":[179],"to":[180,228],"5.394":[181],"0.0049).":[185],"Across":[186],"all":[187],"treated":[189],"intervals,":[190],"not":[195],"associated":[197],"ESR":[201,256,262],"0.622).":[204],"However,":[205],"among":[206],"21":[207],"involving":[209,260],"abnormal":[210,261],"ESR,":[211],"inverse":[213,253],"association":[214,254],"after":[217],"adjustment":[218],"for":[219],"concurrent":[220],"GC":[221],"dose":[222],"(\u03b2=\u22120.601,":[224],"95%":[225],"\u22121.000":[227],"\u22120.201;":[229],"P":[230,234],"0.006;":[232],"Holm-adjusted":[233],"0.018).":[236],"Conclusion":[237],"markedly":[241],"reduced":[242],"PMR":[245],"following":[248],"initiation.":[250],"Its":[251],"exploratory":[252],"suggests":[263],"variation":[266],"that":[267],"warrants":[268],"further":[269],"investigation.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}