{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225730117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14223625","title":"Physics-Informed Machine Learning for Polymer Drag Reduction: Bridging Laboratory Turbulent Pipe Flow and Field-Scale Crude Oil Pipeline Operation","display_name":"Physics-Informed Machine Learning for Polymer Drag Reduction: Bridging Laboratory Turbulent Pipe Flow and Field-Scale Crude Oil Pipeline Operation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225730117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14223625"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr14223625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14223625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14223625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14223625","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5152339442","display_name":"Hongyan Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405278512","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00581xj59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405278512"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Petroleum Engineering, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, China","Efficient Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas Reservoirs and the Integration of Geology and Engineering Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center, Dongying 257061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Petroleum Engineering, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405278512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Efficient Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas Reservoirs and the Integration of Geology and Engineering Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center, Dongying 257061, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080769066","display_name":"Xingjian Deng","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405278512","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00581xj59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405278512"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingjian Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Petroleum Engineering, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Petroleum Engineering, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405278512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161389619","display_name":"Jiatong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8942-8517","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8942-8517"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405278512","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00581xj59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405278512"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiatong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Petroleum Engineering, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8942-8517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Petroleum Engineering, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405278512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136750645","display_name":"Yuxia Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxia Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shandong Yellow River Delta Institute for Sustainable Development, Dongying 257091, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shandong Yellow River Delta Institute for Sustainable Development, Dongying 257091, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136870826","display_name":"Xiaodong Dai","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405278512","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00581xj59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405278512"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodong Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Petroleum Engineering, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, China","Efficient Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas Reservoirs and the Integration of Geology and Engineering Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center, Dongying 257061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Petroleum Engineering, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405278512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Efficient Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas Reservoirs and the Integration of Geology and Engineering Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center, Dongying 257061, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161391362","display_name":"Kun Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405278512","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00581xj59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405278512"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Petroleum Engineering, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, China","Efficient Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas Reservoirs and the Integration of Geology and Engineering Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center, Dongying 257061, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Petroleum Engineering, Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology, Dongying 257061, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405278512"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Efficient Exploration and Development of Oil and Gas Reservoirs and the Integration of Geology and Engineering Shandong Provincial Engineering Research Center, Dongying 257061, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161404558","display_name":"Anqi Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anqi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dongying Science and Technology Innovation Service Center, Dongying 257091, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dongying Science and Technology Innovation Service Center, Dongying 257091, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113041777","display_name":"Yangchen Shi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yangchen Shi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Changyi Operation Area, PipeChina Shandong Company, Changyi 261300, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Changyi Operation Area, PipeChina Shandong Company, Changyi 261300, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5136870826"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405278512"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"22","first_page":"3625","last_page":"3625"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11379","display_name":"Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11379","display_name":"Rheology and Fluid Dynamics Studies","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11206","display_name":"Model Reduction and Neural Networks","score":0.005799999926239252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11557","display_name":"Lubricants and Their Additives","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132459708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744069","display_name":"Extrapolation","level":2,"score":0.6456000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172427958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q338447","display_name":"Pigging","level":3,"score":0.534600019454956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.48820000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.459199994802475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204561356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148018","display_name":"Pipe flow","level":3,"score":0.45249998569488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175309249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725864","display_name":"Pipeline transport","level":2,"score":0.43619999289512634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987168347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22656","display_name":"Crude oil","level":2,"score":0.40709999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182748727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178932","display_name":"Reynolds number","level":3,"score":0.40389999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.39959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183418187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931528","display_name":"Nominal Pipe Size","level":2,"score":0.37400001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58315980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179436","display_name":"Asymptote","level":2,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72921944","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q206621","display_name":"Drag","level":2,"score":0.3522999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3499000072479248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72117827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778961","display_name":"Drag coefficient","level":3,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.31850001215934753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141392084","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182661","display_name":"Excavator","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122383733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865920","display_name":"Approximation error","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.2702000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.26350000500679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr14223625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14223625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14223625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/pr14223625","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14223625","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/pr14223625","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210201879","display_name":"Processes","issn_l":"2227-9717","issn":["2227-9717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Processes","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1517545565","https://openalex.org/W1967740464","https://openalex.org/W1976559287","https://openalex.org/W1980658718","https://openalex.org/W1989108364","https://openalex.org/W2001902859","https://openalex.org/W2021320519","https://openalex.org/W2039054899","https://openalex.org/W2056050935","https://openalex.org/W2070893156","https://openalex.org/W2081049209","https://openalex.org/W2084469297","https://openalex.org/W2106570742","https://openalex.org/W2110808799","https://openalex.org/W2143849260","https://openalex.org/W2295598076","https://openalex.org/W2772131049","https://openalex.org/W2899283552","https://openalex.org/W2924574278","https://openalex.org/W2953801564","https://openalex.org/W3202713471","https://openalex.org/W4386118841","https://openalex.org/W4406219082","https://openalex.org/W4411522393","https://openalex.org/W7125482749","https://openalex.org/W7156905160","https://openalex.org/W7170061318","https://openalex.org/W7196922632"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polymeric":[0],"drag-reducing":[1],"agents":[2],"(DRAs)":[3],"can":[4,287],"significantly":[5],"suppress":[6],"turbulent":[7],"friction":[8],"in":[9,74],"crude":[10,132],"oil":[11,133],"pipelines.":[12],"However,":[13],"the":[14,188,191,201,245],"design":[15],"of":[16,59,70,104,144,151,239,244,258,270],"field":[17,142,161,221],"dosing":[18,249],"strategies":[19],"still":[20],"relies":[21],"on":[22,126,158],"empirical":[23],"rules":[24],"because":[25],"laboratory-scale":[26],"drag-reduction":[27,300],"(DR)":[28],"measurements":[29],"fail":[30],"to":[31,34,117,211,254,265],"transfer":[32,114],"quantitatively":[33,296],"industrial":[35],"diameters,":[36,67],"fluids,":[37],"and":[38,94,146,160,170,184,216,275,292],"shear":[39],"histories.":[40],"In":[41],"this":[42,52],"study,":[43],"we":[44],"present":[45],"an":[46,101,166,171,227],"integrated":[47],"laboratory\u2013field\u2013machine-learning":[48],"framework":[49,281],"that":[50,251,283],"closes":[51],"gap.":[53],"Systematic":[54],"recirculating-loop":[55],"experiments":[56],"(Reynolds":[57],"number":[58],"2":[60],"\u00d7":[61,63],"104\u20131.2":[62],"105,":[64],"four":[65],"pipe":[66,185],"3\u2013200":[68],"ppmw":[69],"a":[71,75,87,95,112,118,127,140,147,212,217,237,266],"polyalphaolefin":[72],"DRA":[73],"model":[76,155],"oil)":[77],"established":[78],"concentration\u2013Reynolds":[79],"response":[80],"surfaces,":[81],"first-order":[82],"mechanical":[83],"degradation":[84],"kinetics":[85],"with":[86,165,190,226],"wall-shear-scaling":[88],"rate":[89],"constant":[90],"kd":[91],"\u221d":[92],"\u03c4w1.25,":[93],"normalized":[96],"scale-up":[97],"correlation":[98],"validated":[99],"over":[100],"eight-fold":[102],"range":[103],"controlled":[105],"laboratory":[106,159,290],"diameters":[107],"(12.7\u2013102.0":[108],"mm)":[109],"and,":[110],"after":[111],"two-parameter":[113],"calibration,":[115],"applicable":[116],"711":[119,130],"mm":[120,131],"trunk":[121,134],"line.":[122],"A":[123,153,195],"90-day":[124],"campaign":[125],"720":[128],"km,":[129],"line":[135],"(129,600":[136],"SCADA":[137,293],"records)":[138],"yielded":[139],"mean":[141,148],"DR":[143,164,222],"22.9%":[145],"pumping-energy":[149],"saving":[150],"22.9%.":[152],"gradient-boosting":[154],"trained":[156,246],"jointly":[157],"data":[162],"predicts":[163],"R2":[167],"=":[168,173],"0.984":[169],"RMSE":[172,228],"0.89":[174],"percentage":[175,256],"points,":[176,231],"while":[177],"SHAP":[178],"analysis":[179],"ranks":[180],"Reynolds":[181],"number,":[182],"concentration,":[183],"diameter":[186],"as":[187],"variables":[189],"largest":[192],"marginal":[193],"contribution.":[194],"physics-informed":[196],"hybrid":[197],"network":[198],"constrained":[199],"by":[200,208,234],"Virk":[202],"maximum-drag-reduction":[203],"asymptote":[204],"reduces":[205],"extrapolation":[206],"error":[207],"34%":[209],"relative":[210],"purely":[213],"data-driven":[214],"network,":[215],"sequence-to-one":[218],"LSTM":[219],"forecasts":[220],"24":[223],"h":[224],"ahead":[225],"\u2248":[229],"1.4":[230],"outperforming":[232],"persistence":[233],"more":[235],"than":[236],"factor":[238],"two.":[240],"Bayesian":[241],"multi-objective":[242],"optimization":[243],"surrogate":[247],"identifies":[248],"schedules":[250],"add":[252],"two":[253],"three":[255],"points":[257],"energy":[259],"savings":[260],"per":[261],"DRA-treated":[262],"segment,":[263],"corresponding":[264],"modeled":[267],"net":[268],"benefit":[269],"1.85":[271],"M":[272],"US$":[273],"yr\u22121":[274],"17.7":[276],"kt":[277],"CO2":[278],"yr\u22121.":[279],"The":[280],"demonstrates":[282],"physics-constrained":[284],"machine":[285],"learning":[286],"convert":[288],"routine":[289],"rheometry":[291],"streams":[294],"into":[295],"predictive,":[297],"economically":[298],"deployable":[299],"engineering.":[301]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
