{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225728575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16111171","title":"Two Episodes of Au and Ag\u2013Pb\u2013Zn Mineralization in the Kangshan Deposit, the Southern Margin of the North China Craton: Constraints from C\u2013O\u2013S Isotopes and Sphalerite Rb\u2013Sr Dating","display_name":"Two Episodes of Au and Ag\u2013Pb\u2013Zn Mineralization in the Kangshan Deposit, the Southern Margin of the North China Craton: Constraints from C\u2013O\u2013S Isotopes and Sphalerite Rb\u2013Sr Dating","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225728575","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16111171"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/min16111171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16111171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16111171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737336974","display_name":"Minerals","issn_l":"2075-163X","issn":["2075-163X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16111171","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063244017","display_name":"Zheming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-4583","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-4583","https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4456-7863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210109033","display_name":"Sinosteel (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/01ncz4303","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210109033"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sinosteel Overseas Resources Limited, Beijing 100080, China","State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9273-4583","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sinosteel Overseas Resources Limited, Beijing 100080, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210109033"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042999171","display_name":"Qingdong Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5423-3625","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5423-3625","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3928-252X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210126061","display_name":"Institute of Geology and Geophysics","ror":"https://ror.org/030vmwa78","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165038","display_name":"University of Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbk4x57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingdong Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210165038"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Lithospheric and Environmental Coevolution, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100760901","display_name":"Yongbin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9088-0894","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9088-0894"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189210763","display_name":"Yunnan University","ror":"https://ror.org/0040axw97","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongbin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9088-0894","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189210763"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063244017"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210109033","https://openalex.org/I4210126061"],"apc_list":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"apc_paid":{"value":2400,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":2896},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"11","first_page":"1171","last_page":"1171"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13442","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geochronology of Asian Mineral Deposits","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13442","display_name":"Geochemistry and Geochronology of Asian Mineral Deposits","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10001","display_name":"Geological and Geochemical Analysis","score":0.04639999940991402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1906","display_name":"Geochemistry and Petrology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10109","display_name":"Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Fossils","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1911","display_name":"Paleontology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776268066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105006","display_name":"Sphalerite","level":3,"score":0.8855999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111696902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6864413","display_name":"Mineralization (soil science)","level":3,"score":0.8805000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.8592000007629395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17409809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161764","display_name":"Geochemistry","level":1,"score":0.7495999932289124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776062231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50769","display_name":"Pyrite","level":2,"score":0.741599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780659211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181699","display_name":"Carbonate","level":2,"score":0.492000013589859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780191791","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171917","display_name":"Calcite","level":2,"score":0.4480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22117777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17148629","display_name":"Stable isotope ratio","level":2,"score":0.39820000529289246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C487381","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17098413","display_name":"Isochron","level":2,"score":0.39160001277923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199289684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83353","display_name":"Mineralogy","level":1,"score":0.38510000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779870107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43010","display_name":"Quartz","level":2,"score":0.38359999656677246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164304813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25276","display_name":"Isotope","level":2,"score":0.3741999864578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780416900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325416","display_name":"\u03b434S","level":4,"score":0.35989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170187044","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214753","display_name":"Radiometric dating","level":2,"score":0.32350000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777949781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382994","display_name":"Molybdenite","level":4,"score":0.32280001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7145564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100977","display_name":"Ore genesis","level":4,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781139676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37559","display_name":"Galena","level":4,"score":0.30070000886917114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778583526","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17497804","display_name":"Sericite","level":3,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6494504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82480","display_name":"Sedimentary rock","level":2,"score":0.29089999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165349299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1674549","display_name":"Isotope geochemistry","level":3,"score":0.2863999903202057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C518881349","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682","display_name":"Sulfur","level":2,"score":0.2678000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26687426","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47069","display_name":"Metamorphic rock","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119127063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1884870","display_name":"Metallogeny","level":4,"score":0.25690001249313354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/min16111171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16111171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16111171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737336974","display_name":"Minerals","issn_l":"2075-163X","issn":["2075-163X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerals","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/min16111171","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16111171","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/min16111171","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2737336974","display_name":"Minerals","issn_l":"2075-163X","issn":["2075-163X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Minerals","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Polymetallic":[0],"deposits":[1,22],"are":[2],"significant":[3],"repositories":[4],"of":[5,16,36,107,115,125,147,163,170,187,192,277],"both":[6],"bulk":[7],"commodities":[8],"and":[9,98,123,167,253,282],"critical":[10],"metals.":[11],"However,":[12],"determining":[13],"the":[14,33,37,69,119,134,174,198,206,214,242,250,257,275,278,287],"ages":[15],"multiple":[17],"mineralization":[18,43,49,62,217,230,252,255],"events":[19,231,266],"in":[20,32,205,268],"these":[21],"remains":[23],"a":[24,56,126,152,234,296,303],"persistent":[25],"challenge.":[26],"The":[27,291],"Kangshan":[28,258],"Au-polymetallic":[29],"deposit,":[30],"located":[31],"southern":[34],"margin":[35],"North":[38,279],"China":[39,280],"Craton,":[40],"exhibits":[41],"distinct":[42,228],"zonation,":[44],"transitioning":[45],"from":[46,109,139,157],"deep-seated":[47],"gold":[48,88,95,216,251],"to":[50,165],"shallow":[51],"Ag\u2013Pb\u2013Zn":[52,199,254],"mineralization,":[53],"making":[54],"it":[55],"natural":[57],"laboratory":[58],"for":[59,197],"investigating":[60],"composite":[61],"processes.":[63],"Based":[64],"on":[65],"mineral":[66],"paragenetic":[67],"assemblages,":[68],"ore-forming":[70,176],"process":[71],"can":[72],"be":[73],"divided":[74],"into":[75,133],"four":[76],"stages:":[77],"quartz":[78],"with":[79,85,93,241,274,302],"minor":[80,86],"pyrite":[81,108],"(Stage":[82,89,96,100],"1);":[83],"quartz\u2013pyrite\u2013chalcopyrite":[84],"native":[87,94],"2);":[90],"polymetallic":[91],"sulfides\u2013quartz\u2013ankerite":[92],"3);":[97],"quartz\u2013calcite\u2013fluorite":[99],"4).":[101],"In":[102],"situ":[103],"sulfur":[104,130],"isotope":[105],"analysis":[106],"Stage":[110,140,158],"3":[111,141],"yields":[112,189],"\u03b434SV-CDT":[113],"values":[114,162,169],"7.30\u2030\u20138.30\u2030,":[116],"higher":[117],"than":[118,213,233],"typical":[120],"magmatic":[121,244],"range":[122],"indicative":[124],"heavier":[127],"crustal":[128],"(marine-sulfate)":[129],"component":[131],"incorporated":[132],"late-stage":[135,175],"ore":[136],"fluids.":[137],"Sphalerite":[138],"has":[142,160],"an":[143,190,269],"initial":[144],"87Sr/86Sr":[145],"ratio":[146],"0.708576":[148],"\u00b1":[149,194,220],"0.000056,":[150],"suggesting":[151],"mixed":[153],"crust\u2013mantle":[154],"source.":[155],"Calcite":[156],"4":[159],"\u03b413CPDB":[161],"\u22124.63\u2030":[164],"\u22123.45\u2030":[166],"\u03b418OSMOW":[168],"15.76\u2030\u201316.41\u2030,":[171],"indicating":[172,201],"that":[173,202,249],"fluids":[177],"were":[178,283],"contaminated":[179],"by":[180],"carbonate":[181],"wall":[182],"rocks.":[183],"Rb\u2013Sr":[184],"isotopic":[185],"dating":[186],"sphalerite":[188],"age":[191],"109.2":[193],"2.3":[195],"Ma":[196],"orebodies,":[200],"they":[203],"formed":[204,267],"Early":[207],"Cretaceous,":[208],"approximately":[209],"20":[210],"Myr":[211],"later":[212],"regional":[215,243],"event":[218],"(131.7":[219],"4.6":[221],"Ma).":[222],"This":[223],"temporal":[224],"gap":[225],"suggests":[226],"two":[227,261],"magmatic-hydrothermal":[229],"rather":[232],"continuous":[235],"evolutionary":[236],"sequence.":[237],"Integrating":[238],"our":[239],"results":[240],"geochronological":[245],"framework,":[246],"we":[247],"propose":[248],"at":[256],"deposit":[259,292],"represent":[260],"separate":[262],"hydrothermal":[263,299],"events.":[264],"Both":[265],"extensional":[270],"tectonic":[271],"setting":[272],"associated":[273],"destruction":[276],"Craton":[281],"spatially":[284],"superimposed":[285],"within":[286],"same":[288],"fault":[289],"system.":[290],"is":[293],"classified":[294],"as":[295],"medium\u2013low-temperature,":[297],"post-magmatic":[298],"vein":[300],"system":[301],"weak":[304],"epithermal":[305],"affinity.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}