{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225728283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68263/bjar-hxfmvxvp","title":"Coliphages and Human Adenoviruses as Viral Indicators of Faecal Contamination in Water: A Critical Review of Environmental Occurrence, Detection Methods, and Public Health Risk with Implications for Food Safety in Nigeria","display_name":"Coliphages and Human Adenoviruses as Viral Indicators of Faecal Contamination in Water: A Critical Review of Environmental Occurrence, Detection Methods, and Public Health Risk with Implications for Food Safety in Nigeria","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225728283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68263/bjar-hxfmvxvp"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.68263/bjar-hxfmvxvp","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68263/bjar-hxfmvxvp","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.68263/bjar-hxfmvxvp","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064920","display_name":"British Journal of Advanced Research","issn_l":"3153-709X","issn":["3153-709X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Advanced Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.68263/bjar-hxfmvxvp","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013770016","display_name":"O. S. Fasuan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29787537","display_name":"Afe Babalola University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rsm0k65","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29787537"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256297","display_name":"Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0408cjw96","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256297"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oluwatayo Fasuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Babalola Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria","Department of Public Health, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7263-5262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Babalola Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256297"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29787537"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112233231","display_name":"Tolulope A. Ogunnusi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29787537","display_name":"Afe Babalola University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rsm0k65","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29787537"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tolulope Ogunnusi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29787537"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088071460","display_name":"Oghenerobor B. Akpor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-1549","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4256-1549"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29787537","display_name":"Afe Babalola University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rsm0k65","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29787537"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oghenerobor Akpor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29787537"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008625878","display_name":"Oluwabunmi Susan Fasuan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29787537","display_name":"Afe Babalola University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rsm0k65","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29787537"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405256297","display_name":"Bamidele Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/0408cjw96","country_code":"NG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405256297"]}],"countries":["NG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oluwabunmi Susan Fasuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biological Sciences, Babalola Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria","Department of Public Health, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biological Sciences, Babalola Olumilua University of Education, Science and Technology, Ikere-Ekiti, Nigeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405256297"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Public Health, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29787537"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5013770016"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29787537","https://openalex.org/I4405256297"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"5","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11331","display_name":"Fecal contamination and water quality","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11331","display_name":"Fecal contamination and water quality","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2312","display_name":"Water Science and Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11957","display_name":"Food Safety and Hygiene","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10976","display_name":"Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776114971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2006636","display_name":"Waterborne diseases","level":3,"score":0.635200023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C516717267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909821","display_name":"Food safety","level":2,"score":0.6281999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.6029000282287598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12174686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1058438","display_name":"Risk assessment","level":2,"score":0.5242999792098999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124956284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918223","display_name":"Fecal coliform","level":3,"score":0.4401000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4323999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780797713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625376","display_name":"Water quality","level":2,"score":0.41130000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.3871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191839390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997527","display_name":"Indicator organism","level":2,"score":0.37459999322891235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.36970001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34135077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3511075","display_name":"Food contaminant","level":2,"score":0.36959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539469273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1749732","display_name":"Environmental monitoring","level":2,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.3476000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88199923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q627371","display_name":"Food processing","level":2,"score":0.33889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3138999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112570922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60528603","display_name":"Contamination","level":2,"score":0.3050999939441681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776336130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3738783","display_name":"Coliphage","level":5,"score":0.30390000343322754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32896092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Risk management","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778750513","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142751","display_name":"Norovirus","level":3,"score":0.29919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155373166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159462","display_name":"Food chain","level":2,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70798638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4575211","display_name":"Environmental quality","level":2,"score":0.2964000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.29580000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198408306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4008388","display_name":"Exposure assessment","level":2,"score":0.29499998688697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73722673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082833","display_name":"Probabilistic risk assessment","level":3,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.2757999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58684123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1810993","display_name":"Food microbiology","level":3,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909468537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Environmental pollution","level":2,"score":0.2676999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019657727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q519796","display_name":"Enteric virus","level":2,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116675565","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3241045","display_name":"Outbreak","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C521259446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58734","display_name":"Pollution","level":2,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984618805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2284929","display_name":"Health risk","level":2,"score":0.25060001015663147}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.68263/bjar-hxfmvxvp","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68263/bjar-hxfmvxvp","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.68263/bjar-hxfmvxvp","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064920","display_name":"British Journal of Advanced Research","issn_l":"3153-709X","issn":["3153-709X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Advanced Research","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.68263/bjar-hxfmvxvp","doi":"https://doi.org/10.68263/bjar-hxfmvxvp","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.68263/bjar-hxfmvxvp","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407064920","display_name":"British Journal of Advanced Research","issn_l":"3153-709X","issn":["3153-709X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-sa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Journal of Advanced Research","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"review":[1],"synthesises":[2],"current":[3],"knowledge":[4],"on":[5],"the":[6,35,62,183],"role":[7],"of":[8,42,74,108],"viral":[9,44,66,168,191],"indicators,":[10],"specifically":[11],"coliphages":[12,89],"and":[13,29,38,85,97,133,146,159,177,195],"human":[14],"adenoviruses":[15],"(HAdVs),":[16],"for":[17,51,103,144,153],"assessing":[18],"faecal":[19,75],"contamination":[20],"in":[21,87,170,186,197],"water.":[22],"It":[23],"aims":[24],"to":[25,78,94,118,156,189],"bridge":[26],"environmental":[27,81,91,179],"monitoring":[28],"food":[30,52,134,194],"safety":[31,135],"perspectives":[32],"by":[33],"evaluating":[34],"occurrence,":[36],"detection,":[37],"public":[39,162],"health":[40,163],"implications":[41,50],"these":[43],"contaminants":[45],"across":[46],"water":[47,131,138,142,172,196],"matrices,":[48],"with":[49,65],"production":[53],"systems.":[54],"Traditional":[55],"bacterial":[56],"indicators":[57],"do":[58],"not":[59],"accurately":[60,165],"reflect":[61],"hazards":[63],"associated":[64],"pathogens.":[67],"While":[68],"HAdVs":[69],"have":[70],"become":[71],"reliable":[72],"markers":[73,169],"pollution":[76],"due":[77],"their":[79],"high":[80],"stability,":[82],"global":[83],"prevalence,":[84],"presence":[86],"sewage,":[88],"show":[90],"stability":[92],"comparable":[93],"enteric":[95],"viruses":[96,113],"are":[98],"becoming":[99],"more":[100],"widely":[101],"recognised":[102],"source":[104],"tracking.":[105],"Probabilistic":[106],"estimation":[107],"infection":[109],"risks":[110],"from":[111,193],"aquatic":[112],"is":[114,126],"now":[115],"possible":[116],"thanks":[117],"quantitative":[119],"microbial":[120],"risk":[121],"assessment":[122],"(QMRA)":[123],"frameworks.":[124],"There":[125],"a":[127],"clear":[128],"connection":[129],"between":[130],"quality":[132,173],"since":[136],"polluted":[137],"sources,":[139],"especially":[140],"surface":[141],"utilised":[143],"irrigation":[145],"post-harvest":[147],"processing,":[148],"act":[149],"as":[150],"vital":[151],"vectors":[152],"virus":[154],"transmission":[155],"fresh":[157],"produce":[158],"shellfish.":[160],"Predicting":[161],"threats":[164],"requires":[166],"including":[167],"regular":[171],"monitoring.":[174],"Standardising":[175],"procedures":[176],"increasing":[178],"surveillance":[180],"should":[181],"be":[182],"top":[184],"priorities":[185],"future":[187],"initiatives":[188],"reduce":[190],"exposures":[192],"Nigeria.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}