{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225728093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24102266","title":"The symbiotic campus: integrating physical and digital realities through AI, IoT and digital twins","display_name":"The symbiotic campus: integrating physical and digital realities through AI, IoT and digital twins","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225728093","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24102266"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24102266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24102266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24102266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24102266","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161367810","display_name":"Berkovac Doc.Dr. Haris","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802424043","display_name":"University of Travnik","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4e5797","country_code":"BA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802424043"]}],"countries":["BA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Doc.Dr. Haris, Berkovac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Assistant professor, University of Travnik, Faculty of Technical Studies, Travnik & BH Telecom, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Assistant professor, University of Travnik, Faculty of Technical Studies, Travnik & BH Telecom, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802424043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161381867","display_name":"Berkovac MSc. Edina","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802424043","display_name":"University of Travnik","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4e5797","country_code":"BA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802424043"]}],"countries":["BA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MSc. Edina, Berkovac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teaching assistant, University of Travnik, Faculty of Technical Studies,Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teaching assistant, University of Travnik, Faculty of Technical Studies,Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802424043"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161401650","display_name":"Grabus MSc. Selver","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802424043","display_name":"University of Travnik","ror":"https://ror.org/01z4e5797","country_code":"BA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802424043"]}],"countries":["BA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MSc. Selver, Grabus","raw_affiliation_strings":["Teaching assistant, University of Travnik, Faculty of Technical Studies, Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Teaching assistant, University of Travnik, Faculty of Technical Studies, Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802424043"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802424043"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13482","display_name":"Engineering Education and Technology","score":0.6104000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13482","display_name":"Engineering Education and Technology","score":0.6104000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10763","display_name":"Digital Transformation in Industry","score":0.1581999957561493,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11479","display_name":"Smart Cities and Technologies","score":0.0786999985575676,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.6402999758720398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.490200012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776285913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165183","display_name":"Context management","level":3,"score":0.4697999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779208394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7140460","display_name":"Participatory sensing","level":2,"score":0.42489999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192800085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5258530","display_name":"Semantic interoperability","level":3,"score":0.3684000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.36010000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.3596999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.35359999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69075417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q515701","display_name":"Linked data","level":3,"score":0.3481000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.3391000032424927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.326200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.3228999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179768478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120057","display_name":"Cyber-physical system","level":2,"score":0.30309998989105225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776952685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4387888","display_name":"Building management","level":2,"score":0.3025999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57041688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220644","display_name":"Service-oriented architecture","level":3,"score":0.2971999943256378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.2906999886035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.28780001401901245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.28060001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75684735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q858810","display_name":"Big data","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.26409998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7817414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779504","display_name":"Energy management","level":3,"score":0.26339998841285706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1668388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149776","display_name":"Data management","level":2,"score":0.26100000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777408017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1523191","display_name":"Governmentality","level":3,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.2574000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6881194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7449091","display_name":"Semantic technology","level":4,"score":0.2565999925136566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82279013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684740","display_name":"Real estate","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24102266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24102266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24102266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24102267","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24102267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24102267","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24102266","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24102266","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24102266","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Universities":[0],"occupy,":[1],"operate,":[2],"and":[3,11,27,41,53,87,90,104,134,168,192,214,221],"maintain":[4],"substantial":[5],"physical":[6,12,51,75],"estates,":[7],"yet":[8],"the":[9,63,74,202,216],"digital":[10,54,71,123],"dimensions":[13],"of":[14,73,147,161,166],"campus":[15,204],"life":[16],"remain":[17],"largely":[18],"disconnected.":[19],"Building":[20],"management,":[21],"timetabling,":[22],"space":[23,163],"utilisation,":[24],"energy":[25,85,159],"procurement,":[26],"learning":[28,88],"delivery":[29],"operate":[30],"as":[31],"separate":[32],"systems":[33,95],"with":[34,80,208],"incompatible":[35],"data":[36],"models,":[37],"producing":[38],"structural":[39],"inefficiency":[40],"foreclosing":[42],"pedagogical":[43],"possibilities":[44],"that":[45,98,201,215],"depend":[46],"on":[47],"continuous":[48],"coupling":[49],"between":[50],"context":[52],"capability.":[55],"This":[56],"paper":[57,140,199],"advances":[58],"a":[59,69,112,115,118,122,135,150,193],"reference":[60],"architecture":[61,108],"for":[62],"symbiotic":[64,203],"campus-an":[65],"institution":[66],"in":[67,91],"which":[68,92],"real-time":[70],"twin":[72,99,124],"estate":[76],"is":[77,205],"continuously":[78],"synchronised":[79],"sensor":[81,176],"telemetry,":[82],"occupancy":[83,190],"data,":[84],"systems,":[86],"platforms,":[89],"AI-driven":[93],"management":[94,184],"act":[96],"upon":[97],"to":[100],"optimise":[101],"energy,":[102],"space,":[103],"pedagogy":[105],"simultaneously.":[106],"The":[107,139,198],"comprises":[109],"seven":[110],"layers:":[111],"sensing":[113],"layer,":[114,117,121,126,130,133],"connectivity":[116],"semantic":[119,179,220],"integration":[120],"model":[125],"an":[127,131,143],"AI":[128],"orchestration":[129],"experience":[132],"cross-cutting":[136],"governance":[137,195],"plane.":[138],"then":[141],"presents":[142],"embedded":[144],"case":[145],"study":[146],"implementation":[148],"at":[149],"mid-sized":[151],"European":[152],"technical":[153],"university":[154],"over":[155,189],"thirty":[156],"months,":[157],"documenting":[158],"reduction":[160],"21.4%,":[162],"utilisation":[164],"improvement":[165],"34%,":[167],"measurable":[169],"hybrid-learning":[170],"gains,":[171],"alongside":[172],"five":[173],"significant":[174],"challenges:":[175],"calibration":[177],"drift,":[178],"interoperability":[180],"failure,":[181],"legacy":[182],"building":[183],"system":[185],"integration,":[186],"privacy":[187],"controversy":[188],"sensing,":[191],"persistent":[194],"capacity":[196],"deficit.":[197],"argues":[200],"technically":[206],"achievable":[207],"mature":[209],"components":[210],"but":[211],"institutionally":[212],"demanding,":[213],"binding":[217],"constraints":[218],"are":[219],"political":[222],"rather":[223],"than":[224],"computational.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}