{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225709352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121463","title":"Carbon Ink That Stays in the Bottle and on the Page: Pigment Loading, Opacity and Settling Time for a Low-Cost Writing and Printing Ink","display_name":"Carbon Ink That Stays in the Bottle and on the Page: Pigment Loading, Opacity and Settling Time for a Low-Cost Writing and Printing Ink","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225709352","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121463"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24121463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121463","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161362375","display_name":"William Alexander Aldred","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aldred, William Alexander","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1215-577X","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5161362375"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13217","display_name":"Pigment Synthesis and Properties","score":0.4302000105381012,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1604","display_name":"Inorganic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13217","display_name":"Pigment Synthesis and Properties","score":0.4302000105381012,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1604","display_name":"Inorganic Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12971","display_name":"Material Properties and Processing","score":0.2572999894618988,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2209","display_name":"Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11666","display_name":"Color Science and Applications","score":0.08749999850988388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109693293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496072","display_name":"Inkwell","level":2,"score":0.7864000201225281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32236832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80228","display_name":"Bottle","level":2,"score":0.6345000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60056205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q691914","display_name":"Opacity","level":2,"score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173209714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q923906","display_name":"Settling","level":2,"score":0.6248999834060669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.6100000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778671685","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219239","display_name":"Recipe","level":2,"score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5494999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4740999937057495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42010000348091125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140205800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5860","display_name":"Carbon fibers","level":3,"score":0.4180999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21880701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2144042","display_name":"Process engineering","level":1,"score":0.39800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3912000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14781684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3983320","display_name":"Settling time","level":3,"score":0.3840999901294708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3675000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199639397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1788588","display_name":"Engineering drawing","level":1,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128489963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187724","display_name":"Filtration (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3095000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777026412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2684591","display_name":"Statement (logic)","level":2,"score":0.2953000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2939999997615814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2867000102996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.28290000557899475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2768000066280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.27489998936653137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778689934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1313396","display_name":"Headline","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24121463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24121464","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121464","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121464","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.5281/zenodo.24121463","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121463","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.24121463","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"addresses":[2],"a":[3,8,21,24,31,45,105,149,175,189,206],"practical":[4,143],"question":[5],"in":[6],"viscosity:":[7],"serviceable":[9],"black":[10],"ink":[11],"can":[12,134,152,225],"be":[13,153,226],"made":[14],"almost":[15],"anywhere":[16],"from":[17,34,104,125,168],"carbon":[18],"pigment,":[19],"water,":[20],"binder":[22],"and":[23,26,50,61,119,174],"preservative,":[25],"recipes":[27],"circulate":[28],"freely.":[29],"Using":[30],"self-contained":[32],"computation":[33,128,186],"stated":[35,200,218],"assumptions,":[36],"the":[37,40,43,52,56,108,126,146,156,165,170,178,185,211,214,229],"study":[38],"evaluates":[39],"options":[41],"across":[42],"range":[44],"small":[46],"operation":[47],"ordinarily":[48],"meets":[49],"identifies":[51],"point":[53,157],"at":[54,78,85,91,97,155],"which":[55,169,181],"balance":[57],"of":[58,145,158,177,213],"cost,":[59],"quality":[60],"material":[62],"use":[63],"changes.":[64],"The":[65,142],"headline":[66],"findings":[67],"are":[68,232],"that":[69,79,86,131,151,188,197,205,223,231],"lowest":[70],"loading":[71,80,87],"meeting":[72],"od":[73,77,90],"1p2":[74],"is":[75,81,88,93,99,110,123,148,199,209,217],"6;":[76],"1.2;":[82],"settling":[83,95],"days":[84,96],"113;":[89],"20g":[92,98],"1.83;":[94],"28.":[100],"These":[101],"figures":[102],"come":[103],"simulation":[106],"study:":[107],"work":[109,159],"SIMULATED,":[111],"NOT":[112],"MEASURED,":[113],"no":[114],"physical":[115],"trials":[116],"were":[117],"performed,":[118],"every":[120],"number":[121],"reported":[122],"taken":[124],"deposited":[127],"output":[129],"so":[130,222],"any":[132],"reader":[133],"reproduce":[135],"or":[136,195],"refute":[137],"it":[138,182,203],"with":[139,164,219],"local":[140],"values.":[141],"value":[144],"result":[147],"rule":[150,171],"applied":[154],"without":[160],"further":[161],"calculation,":[162],"together":[163],"tabulated":[166],"cases":[167],"was":[172],"derived":[173],"statement":[176],"assumptions":[179],"on":[180],"depends.":[183],"Where":[184],"shows":[187,204],"widely":[190],"used":[191],"practice":[192],"wastes":[193],"money":[194],"material,":[196],"finding":[198],"directly;":[201],"where":[202],"popular":[207],"economy":[208],"genuine,":[210],"size":[212],"genuine":[215],"saving":[216],"equal":[220],"directness,":[221],"effort":[224],"directed":[227],"to":[228],"economies":[230],"worth":[233],"having.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}
