{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7225696147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-05361-2","title":"Digital mental health policies in 40 countries: a comparative content analysis based on the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality framework","display_name":"Digital mental health policies in 40 countries: a comparative content analysis based on the availability, accessibility, acceptability, and quality framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7225696147","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-05361-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12916-026-05361-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-05361-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-05361-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135560524","display_name":"BMC Medicine","issn_l":"1741-7015","issn":["1741-7015"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-05361-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144112882","display_name":"Zuokun Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zuokun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051489598","display_name":"Xiang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-7599","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4331-7599"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Center for Mental Health, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Center for Mental Health, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161414281","display_name":"Na Li","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Na Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161374110","display_name":"Xinyi Song","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161400379","display_name":"Mengze Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengze Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144126432","display_name":"Yuyang Zhang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5151762791","display_name":"Jiajun Liu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161381857","display_name":"Minmin Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minmin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute for Health Development, Peking University, Beijing, China","China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China","Institute for Global Health, Peking University, Beijing, China","National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health System Reform and Governance (Peking University), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute for Health Development, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Global Health, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health System Reform and Governance (Peking University), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5144106561","display_name":"Minghui Ren","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minghui Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute for Health Development, Peking University, Beijing, China","China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China","Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","Institute for Global Health, Peking University, Beijing, China","National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health System Reform and Governance (Peking University), Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute for Health Development, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Center for Health Development Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, Peking University, No.38 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100191, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Global Health, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Health System Reform and Governance (Peking University), Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5144106561","https://openalex.org/A5161381857"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":{"value":4190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":{"value":4190,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4190},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10272","display_name":"Mental Health Treatment and Access","score":0.006300000008195639,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2738","display_name":"Psychiatry and Mental health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10912","display_name":"Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-mental-health","display_name":"digital mental health","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mental-health-policy","display_name":"mental health policy","score":0.9789999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-mental-health-interventions","display_name":"digital mental health interventions","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/availability","display_name":"availability","score":0.5400000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accessibility","display_name":"accessibility","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceptability","display_name":"acceptability","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"quality","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-national-comparison","display_name":"cross-national comparison","score":0.6119999885559082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8501999974250793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5928999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.578499972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162446236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q653137","display_name":"Content analysis","level":2,"score":0.5415999889373779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780433410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276090","display_name":"Digital health","level":3,"score":0.5286999940872192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17069079","display_name":"mHealth","level":3,"score":0.320499986410141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.31029999256134033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39549134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133080","display_name":"Public relations","level":1,"score":0.30889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778111679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155639","display_name":"Comparative effectiveness research","level":3,"score":0.3059000074863434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.30059999227523804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47344431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519812","display_name":"Health policy","level":3,"score":0.27900001406669617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2786000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780877353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2518253","display_name":"Health services research","level":3,"score":0.26460000872612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779344036","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11320476","display_name":"Digital content","level":2,"score":0.26420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.2615000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71405471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757012","display_name":"Quality management","level":3,"score":0.2605000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195094911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14167904","display_name":"Process management","level":1,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94617000","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639854","display_name":"Qualitative comparative analysis","level":2,"score":0.25940001010894775}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12916-026-05361-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-05361-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-05361-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135560524","display_name":"BMC Medicine","issn_l":"1741-7015","issn":["1741-7015"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1186/s12916-026-05361-2","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-05361-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-026-05361-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135560524","display_name":"BMC Medicine","issn_l":"1741-7015","issn":["1741-7015"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","oarl","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320256","host_organization_name":"BioMed Central","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320256","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["BioMed Central","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"BMC Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8048999905586243}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6903729211","https://openalex.org/W2889548489","https://openalex.org/W3164774641","https://openalex.org/W1606595772","https://openalex.org/W6977206101","https://openalex.org/W7135171766","https://openalex.org/W2578638572","https://openalex.org/W7118524506","https://openalex.org/W70259256","https://openalex.org/W139318583"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,9,27,77,89,198,206,249,266,272,296,354],"rising":[2],"global":[3],"burden":[4],"of":[5,12,29,52,92,102,107,157,160,176,201,265,295,301],"mental":[6,18,32,136,147,254,303],"disorders":[7],"and":[8,81,98,113,166,184,225,230,243,282,312,320,340,344,349,363,369],"rapid":[10],"advancement":[11],"digital":[13,17,132,146,253,302,321],"health":[14,19,33,133,137,255,304],"technologies":[15],"(DHTs),":[16],"policies":[20,305,358],"play":[21],"an":[22],"important":[23],"role":[24],"in":[25,127,197,215,221,233,271],"guiding":[26],"integration":[28],"DHTs":[30],"into":[31,115],"services.":[34],"Yet":[35],"comparative":[36,50,299],"analyses":[37,300],"across":[38,95,242,259,306,348],"countries":[39,61],"at":[40,124],"different":[41],"income":[42,66,96,208,245,329,351],"levels":[43],"remain":[44],"limited.":[45],"This":[46,291],"study":[47,292],"conducted":[48],"a":[49,72],"analysis":[51],"113":[53],"policy":[54,103,202,257],"documents":[55,126,130],"from":[56,62],"40":[57,307],"countries,":[58,278],"with":[59,205,252,327],"ten":[60],"each":[63],"World":[64],"Bank":[65],"group.":[67],"Documents":[68],"were":[69,111,153,188],"analyzed":[70],"using":[71],"14-dimension":[73],"framework":[74],"based":[75],"on":[76,145,333,337,342],"Availability,":[78],"Accessibility,":[79],"Acceptability,":[80],"Quality":[82],"(AAAQ)":[83],"framework.":[84],"We":[85],"examined":[86],"document":[87],"coverage,":[88],"relative":[90,199],"distribution":[91],"coded":[93,109],"references":[94,110],"groups,":[97,209,330],"country":[99,251],"level":[100],"coverage":[101,238,270,286],"content.":[104,203],"A":[105],"total":[106],"1,270":[108],"identified":[112],"grouped":[114],"66":[116],"subthemes.":[117],"Policy":[118],"publication":[119],"increased":[120],"after":[121],"2020,":[122],"peaking":[123],"21":[125],"2023.":[128],"Most":[129],"addressed":[131],"(49.6%)":[134],"or":[135],"(24.8%)":[138],"broadly,":[139],"while":[140,317,366],"only":[141,250],"14.2%":[142],"focused":[143,332],"specifically":[144],"health.":[148],"The":[149],"most":[150],"frequent":[151],"dimensions":[152,267],"\u201cinformation\u201d":[154],"(covered":[155],"71.7%":[156],"documents,":[158],"14.1%":[159],"references),":[161],"\u201cservice":[162],"availability\u201d":[163],"(69.9%,":[164],"12.9%),":[165],"\u201cethical":[167],"issues\u201d":[168],"(70.8%,":[169],"12.8%),":[170],"whereas":[171,263],"\u201cattractiveness\u201d":[172],"(17.7%,":[173],"2.7%),":[174],"\u201cquality\u200b":[175],"connection\u201d":[177],"(23.9%,":[178],"3.4%),":[179],"\u201cdigital":[180],"literacy\u201d":[181],"(32.7%,":[182],"3.9%),":[183],"\u201cusability\u201d":[185],"(31.0%,":[186],"4.0%)":[187],"less":[189],"frequently":[190],"addressed.":[191],"Cross-income":[192],"comparisons":[193],"revealed":[194],"descriptive":[195],"differences":[196],"composition":[200],"Compared":[204,326],"other":[207,328],"foundational":[210,334,361],"capacity":[211,362],"was":[212,248],"comparatively":[213],"prominent":[214],"low-income":[216],"groups":[217,223,235,352],"(LICs),":[218],"service":[219,310,338,364],"availability":[220],"middle-income":[222,277],"(MICs),":[224],"attractiveness,":[226],"usability,":[227],"ethical":[228],"issues,":[229],"science":[231],"evidence":[232],"high-income":[234,289],"(HICs).":[236],"Country-level":[237],"also":[239],"varied":[240],"both":[241],"within":[244,350],"groups.":[246],"Australia":[247],"specific":[256],"content":[258],"all":[260],"14":[261],"dimensions,":[262],"none":[264],"had":[268],"such":[269],"included":[273],"Russian":[274],"documents.":[275],"Several":[276],"including":[279],"India,":[280],"Thailand,":[281],"Ukraine,":[283],"showed":[284],"broader":[285],"than":[287],"some":[288],"countries.":[290,308],"provides":[293],"one":[294],"first":[297],"cross-national":[298],"Infrastructure,":[309],"availability,":[311],"ethics":[313,343],"received":[314,323],"substantial":[315],"attention,":[316],"user":[318],"experience":[319],"literacy":[322],"limited":[324],"attention.":[325],"LICs":[331],"capacity,":[335],"MICs":[336],"expansion,":[339],"HICs":[341],"user-centered":[345],"quality.":[346,370],"Differences":[347],"highlight":[353],"need":[355],"for":[356],"context-sensitive":[357],"that":[359],"strengthen":[360],"provision":[365],"addressing":[367],"acceptability":[368]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2026-11-11T00:00:00"}